Tag: Speeches

  • Lucy Frazer – 2023 Speech on Journalism Matters Week

    Lucy Frazer – 2023 Speech on Journalism Matters Week

    The speech made by Lucy Frazer, the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, in London on 30 October 2023.

    Journalism matters.

    That’s what this week in the year is about.

    But it isn’t something that we should just acknowledge this week.

    It is something we should acknowledge every month. Every week. Every day.

    Your work in holding people, organisations and countries to account.

    Your reporting without fear or favour.

    Calling out wrongful activity and evil.

    Combatting mis and disinformation.

    These are the signs of a true democracy.

    Freedom of the press is not actually about media freedom.

    It is about our freedom.

    Through your reporting you are protecting the freedom of others.

    And in a world of social media, mainstream media plays a critical role.

    Your fact checked, legal proofed, thorough work, allows truth to prevail in an increasingly uncertain world.

    And what you do takes courage.

    Immense courage.

    I know all of you in the room right now will be worried about your colleagues.

    Those working in war zones across the globe.

    Me too.

    Your journalists are putting their lives on the line for truth, freedom and democracy.

    The events in Israel and Gaza have recently made me think of other journalists.

    The American Journalist James Foley who was abducted in Syria and beheaded by ISIS.

    Evan Gershkovich the Wall Street Journalist detained in Russia.

    The 14 civilian journalists and media workers who have been killed in the line of duty since Russia invaded Ukraine .

    And of course, we are all thinking of the journalists covering the conflict in Israel and Gaza right now.

    Nine journalists have sadly already lost their lives.

    And my thoughts are with all of them and their families,

    And all of you, who no doubt keenly feel the loss of your friends.

    And it’s not just you and your colleagues’ courage in the face of war.

    But the courage in dealing with issues which evoke hate and abuse on social media.

    Or the full force of legal threats and pressure from the rich and powerful who try to keep their secrets secret.

    Courage to stand up to unscrupulous regimes and people in positions of power.

    I want you to know that we, in government, have your back.

    We understand what you are doing and why it is so important.

    It’s why we launched the National Action Plan for the Safety of Journalists.

    …Why we are legislating to make it harder for powerful people to stop the publication of investigative journalism through unscrupulous lawsuits.

    And why we expanded the National Committee for the Safety of Journalists to deal with these legal threats.

    It’s why we are supporting you through the Digital Markets Bill which should enable you to get fair terms and fair compensation when your work is hosted on digital platforms.

    And it is why we will remove a threat to freedom of the press by repealing S40 so costs are not a bar to investigative journalism.

    You do not need telling that your courage has shaped our history.

    Bringing down the Nixon administration in Watergate.

    Exposing Harvey Weinstein as a sexual predator beginning the Me Too movement.

    And from as early as the Crimean War sending your stories home, exposing the horrors of war and the bravery of soldiers. And contributing to the creation of the Victoria Cross.

    And right now, again, our media is shaping our future.

    I have watched and read those brave, passionate voices who are standing against Hamas and calling out antisemitism.

    Highlighting the 1,353% per cent rise in antisemitism in London alone.

    Spotlighting the 4 Jewish schools that shut.

    Decrying the fact that children going to Jewish schools have been advised not to wear their blazer to prevent them from becoming a terrorist target

    Pointing out the disturbing scenes at the airport in Dagestan.

    Those journalists.

    Calling out the denial by some, of the atrocities, carried out by a terrorist group.

    Calling out the tearing down of posters of abducted children.

    And your fact checked, legal proofed, thorough work…

    Your truth telling.

    Will make a difference to our future.

    We only have to look back less than 100 years.

    To what happened when conspiracy theories were rife, antisemitism the norm and no one in society called it out…

    Because of this failure of society as a whole the German people were ready to accept the ‘annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe’ as Hitler infamously put it.

    In 1941 Joseph Goebbels wrote that the fate the Jewish people were meeting was deserved and that no one should pity or regret it.

    And most people didn’t bat an eyelid.

    And your calling out matters not just to the Jews. But to all of us in this room. And beyond.

    Because it is well known that when there is prejudice against any minority it should be a concern for all minorities.

    Unfortunately the Jewish community knows what can come next.

    Hitler didn’t just aim to wipe out the Jews, he targeted anyone who was gay, black or a traveller.

    Your calling out matters because terrorist organisations like Hamas share the principles of terrorist organisations like al Qaeda and ISIS.

    And they are no friends of the west.

    Their hatred is not confined to Jews, or Israel. They hate all of us who share western values.

    And Hamas’ actions in no way support or help the plight of the Palestinian people.

    Who are also entitled to safety and to live in peace.

    We are also seeing a worrying rise in anti-Muslim hatred

    Terrorists use the media as a weapon of war.

    Truth must prevail.

    And for that, journalism matters.

    Not just this week.

    Today, Tomorrow. Next year. And every year after that.

    I want to end with a message someone in Israel sent me last Monday.

    It is a copy of a statement published by The Shin Bet, the Israeli Security Services and Israeli police summarising the result of the investigation into the massacre of over 1400 people on 7 October.

    And, I quote…

    The investigation revealed, following the interrogation of six terrorists who were captured that Hamas offered significant financial incentives to anyone who successfully kidnapped an Israeli with abductors promised $10000 and a free apartment.

    The detainees stated that the instructions were to kidnap elderly women and children.

    According to one detainee his commanders ordered the terrorists to behead Jews and rape women and girls.

    Courage. Freedom. Truth.

    Thank you for your role in our democracy.

  • Anne-Marie Trevelyan – 2023 Speech at the South China Sea Conference

    Anne-Marie Trevelyan – 2023 Speech at the South China Sea Conference

    The speech made by Anne-Marie Trevelyan, the UK Minister for the Indo-Pacific, in Vietnam on 25 October 2023.

    Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, friends. It’s good to be here with you in person this morning to show my support for an area of geopolitical importance.

    I am especially glad to be here this year during the 50th anniversary year of diplomatic relations between the United Kingdom and Vietnam. We are a close partner with Vietnam on maritime security and remain committed to strengthening our collaboration.

    I’m here because what happens in the South China Sea matters globally. As you’re aware, almost 60% of global maritime trade passes through the South China Sea. This makes it vital that all parties enjoy the same freedoms to navigate and exercise in the South China Sea.

    Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine offers an alarming example of the pain inflicted when supply chains are disrupted by conflict. Rising energy and food prices are harming the world’s most vulnerable people.

    Like you, the UK is committed to avoiding any such outcome in this region. We seek to preserve a free and open Indo-Pacific. We want to deepen relationships with our partners, support sustainable development and tackle the shared challenges we all face.

    What does this mean for the South China Sea? It means supporting stability and working together on climate change.

    It also means establishing and maintaining open lines of communication. That is the most effective way of managing tensions. Failing to do so risks escalation. You in this region know, more than anyone, the potentially catastrophic consequences that this could have. As the UK deepens its long-term partnership with ASEAN and others in the Indo-Pacific, we are committed to helping you to de-escalate tensions and maintain stability.

    That is why our commitment to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea is unwavering. Last year, on its 40th anniversary, I reiterated the important role UNCLOS plays in setting the legal framework for activities in our seas and oceans.

    The UK takes no sides in the sovereignty disputes in the South China Sea, but we oppose any activity that undermines or threatens UNCLOS’ authority – including attempts to legitimise incompatible maritime claims.

    The recent instances of unsafe conduct against Vietnamese and Filipino vessels has demonstrated the serious risks posed to regional peace and stability. When we see actions that violate UNCLOS we will call them out – as we did following events around the Second Thomas Shoal this week. And we will support our partners to shine a light on this so-called ‘grey zone’ activity that creates tensions and risks escalation.

    Our ambassador in Manila joined partners this July in reiterating that the 2016 Arbitral Award is a significant milestone in resolving disputes peacefully and is legally binding on China and the Philippines. We call on both parties to abide by the findings of those proceedings.

    Our partnership with ASEAN supports our shared commitment for a free and open Indo-Pacific. We respect and admire the central role ASEAN has played in maintaining regional stability and prosperity.

    We look forward to working with you on advancing the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific, with maritime cooperation being a key pillar. We also congratulate ASEAN on issuing its first Maritime Outlook and holding its first maritime Solidarity Exercise.

    I am also grateful to my Indonesian counterparts for their work as ASEAN chair this year in progressing negotiations for a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea.

    The UK strongly believes in the need for an agreement that is consistent with UNCLOS and reflects the interests and guarantees the rights and freedoms of all parties – including third countries. The UK’s Carrier Strike Group will soon return to the region to demonstrate these rights and freedoms in practice.

    Let me turn now to what the UK can offer.

    Like ASEAN, we hope that a sea of conflict can become a sea of cooperation. There is no more urgent need for cooperation than on environmental degradation. Pressures on fisheries, the destruction of the marine environment and rising sea levels pose an existential threat to the millions of people who rely on the South China Sea for their livelihoods.

    This is why we have launched new projects – including through our ASEAN dialogue partnership – to conserve the sea for our future generations.

    Our Just Energy Transition Partnerships, signed with Vietnam and Indonesia, encourage the early retirement of high-emitting coal fired power plants, investment in renewable energy and overcome barriers to support an inclusive and just transition.

    Our Blue Planet Fund, worth half a billion pounds, includes over £150 million for the COAST programme. This is designed to help vulnerable coastal communities across the region improve their climate resilience and become more sustainable.

    Other Blue Planet Fund programmes focus on tackling plastic pollution – a key ASEAN objective; testing innovative mechanisms to mobilise blue finance; protecting coral reefs; and commissioning studies into the impact of climate security risks.

    Furthermore, to sustain the South China Sea’s vital role as a provider for fish and livelihoods, this year the UK announced funding of £2.5 million on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing – another key priority of the ASEAN Maritime Outlook. This support will help the coastal communities, fragile ocean ecosystems, and global food supply chains that face devastation. We have already started work with partners in the Philippines and we want to expand the scope of similar practical projects with countries in this region, including here in Vietnam.

    The UK also continues to support our regional partners’ resilience and security through our ASEAN-UK Maritime Cooperation Programme. We are helping to build capacity on maritime law and providing training and sharing expertise in Exclusive Economic Zone management, maritime domain awareness, and hydrographic research.

    Through our bids to join the ASEAN Regional Forum, and the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus, we propose to make even stronger commitments to regional security and stability.

    In conclusion, the UK’s commitment in this region is steadfast. The peace and prosperity of the South China Sea must remain a priority for all. I wish you all a productive and successful conference and look forward to the rest of my time here in Vietnam to learn even more personally.

    Thank you.

  • Rishi Sunak – 2023 Speech on AI

    Rishi Sunak – 2023 Speech on AI

    The speech made by Rishi Sunak, the Prime Minister, at the Royal Society in London on 26 October 2023.

    I’m delighted to be here at the Royal Society, the place where the story of modern science has been written for centuries.

    Now, I’m unashamedly optimistic about the power of technology to make life better for everyone.

    So, the easy speech for me to give – the one in my heart I really want to give…

    …would be to tell you about the incredible opportunities before us.

    Just this morning, I was at Moorfields Eye Hospital.

    They’re using Artificial Intelligence to build a model that can look at a single picture of your eyes…

    …and not only diagnose blindness, but predict heart attacks, strokes, or Parkinson’s.

    And that’s just the beginning.

    I genuinely believe that technologies like AI will bring a transformation as far-reaching…

    …as the industrial revolution, the coming of electricity, or the birth of the internet.

    Now, as with every one of those waves of technology, AI will bring new knowledge…

    …new opportunities for economic growth, new advances in human capability…

    …and the chance to solve problems that we once thought beyond us.

    But like those waves, it also brings new dangers and new fears.

    So, the responsible thing for me to do – the right speech for me to make – is to address those fears head on…

    …giving you the peace of mind that we will keep you safe…

    …while making sure you and your children have all the opportunities for a better future that AI can bring.

    Now, doing the right thing, not the easy thing, means being honest with people about the risks from these technologies.

    So, I won’t hide them from you.

    That’s why today, for the first time, we’ve taken the highly unusual step…

    …of publishing our analysis on the risks of AI…

    …including an assessment by the UK intelligence communities.

    These reports provide a stark warning.

    Get this wrong, and AI could make it easier to build chemical or biological weapons.

    Terrorist groups could use AI to spread fear and destruction on an even greater scale.

    Criminals could exploit AI for cyber-attacks, disinformation, fraud, or even child sexual abuse.

    And in the most unlikely but extreme cases, there is even the risk that humanity could lose control of AI completely…

    …through the kind of AI sometimes referred to as ‘super intelligence’.

    Indeed, to quote the statement made earlier this year by hundreds of the world’s leading AI experts:

    “Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war”.

    Now, I want to be completely clear:

    This is not a risk that people need to be losing sleep over right now.

    I don’t want to be alarmist.

    And there is a real debate about this – some experts think it will never happen at all.

    But however uncertain and unlikely these risks are, if they did manifest themselves, the consequences would be incredibly serious.

    And when so many of the biggest developers of this technology themselves warn of these risks…

    …leaders have a responsibility to take them seriously, and to act.

    And that is what I am doing today – in three specific ways.

    First, keeping you safe.

    Right now, the only people testing the safety of AI…

    …are the very organisations developing it.

    Even they don’t always fully understand what their models could become capable of.

    And there are incentives in part, to compete to build the best models, quickest.

    So, we should not rely on them marking their own homework, as many of those working on this would agree.

    Not least because only governments can properly assess the risks to national security.

    And only nation states have the power and legitimacy to keep their people safe.

    The UK’s answer is not to rush to regulate.

    This is a point of principle – we believe in innovation, it’s a hallmark of the British economy…

    …so we will always have a presumption to encourage it, not stifle it.

    And in any case, how can we write laws that make sense for something we don’t yet fully understand?

    So, instead, we’re building world-leading capability to understand and evaluate the safety of AI models within government.

    To do that, we’ve already invested £100m in a new taskforce…

    …more funding for AI safety than any other country in the world.

    And we’ve recruited some of the most respected and knowledgeable figures in the world of AI.

    So, I’m completely confident in telling you the UK is doing far more than other countries to keep you safe.

    And because of this – because of the unique steps we’ve already taken – we’re able to go even further today.

    I can announce that we will establish the world’s first AI Safety Institute – right here in the UK.

    It will advance the world’s knowledge of AI safety.

    And it will carefully examine, evaluate, and test new types of AI…

    …so that we understand what each new model is capable of…

    …exploring all the risks, from social harms like bias and misinformation, through to the most extreme risks of all.

    The British people should have peace of mind that we’re developing the most advanced protections for AI of any country in the world.

    Doing what’s right and what’s necessary to keep you safe.

    But AI does not respect borders.

    So we cannot do this alone.

    The second part of our plan is to host the world’s first ever Global AI Safety Summit next week, at Bletchley Park – the iconic home of computer science.

    We’re bringing together the world’s leading representatives…

    …from Civil Society…

    …to the companies pioneering AI…

    …and the countries most advanced in using it.

    And yes – we’ve invited China.

    I know there are some who will say they should have been excluded.

    But there can be no serious strategy for AI without at least trying to engage all of the world’s leading AI powers.

    That might not have been the easy thing to do, but it was the right thing to do.

    So, what do we hope to achieve at next week’s Summit?

    Right now, we don’t have a shared understanding of the risks that we face.

    And without that, we cannot hope to work together to address them.

    That’s why we will push hard to agree the first ever international statement about the nature of these risks.

    Yet AI is developing at breath taking speed.

    Every new wave will become more advanced, better trained, with better chips, and more computing power.

    So we need to make sure that as the risks evolve, so does our shared understanding.

    I believe we should take inspiration from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change…

    …which was set up to reach an international scientific consensus.

    So, next week, I will propose that we establish a truly global expert panel…

    …nominated by the countries and organisations attending …

    …to publish a State of AI Science report.

    Of course, our efforts also depend on collaboration with the AI companies themselves.

    Uniquely in the world, those companies have already trusted the UK with privileged access to their models.

    That’s why the UK is so well-placed to create the world’s first Safety Institute.

    And at next week’s Summit I will work together with the companies and countries to deepen our partnerships.

    My vision, and our ultimate goal, should be to work towards a more international approach to safety…

    …where we collaborate with partners to ensure AI systems are safe before they are released.

    And so to support this, we will make the work of our Safety Institute available to the world.

    That’s the right thing to do morally, in keeping with the UK’s historic role on the international stage.

    And it’s also the right thing economically, for families and businesses up and down the country.

    Because the future of AI is safe AI.

    And by making the UK a global leader in safe AI, we will attract even more of the new jobs and investment that will come from this new wave of technology.

    Just think for a moment about what that will mean for our country.

    The growth it will catalyse, the jobs it will create, the change it can deliver –for the better.

    And that’s the third part of our plan – to make sure that everyone in our country can benefit from the opportunities of AI.

    We’ve already got strong foundations.

    Third in the world for tech, behind only the US and China.

    The best place in Europe to raise capital.

    All of the leading AI companies – choosing the UK as their European headquarters.

    The most pro-investment tax regime…

    The most pro-entrepreneur visa regime, to attract the world’s top talent…

    …and the education reforms to give our own young people the skills to succeed.

    And we’re going to make it even easier for ambitious people with big ideas to start, grow, and compete in the world of AI.

    That’s not just about having the technical skills, but the raw computing power.

    That’s why we’re investing almost a billion pounds in a supercomputer thousands of times faster than the one you have at home.

    And it’s why we’re investing £2.5bn in quantum computers, which can be exponentially quicker than those computers still.

    To understand this, consider how Google’s Sycamore quantum computer…

    …can solve a maths problem in 200 seconds, that would take the world’s fastest supercomputer 10,000 years.

    And as we invest more in our computing power, we’ll make it available for researchers and businesses, as well as government…

    …so that when the best entrepreneurs in the world think about where they want to start and scale their AI businesses, they choose the UK.

    And finally, we must target our scientific efforts towards what I think of as AI for good.

    Right across the western world, we’re searching for answers to the question of how we can improve and increase our productivity.

    Because that’s the only way over the long-term to grow our economy and raise people’s living standards.

    And in a million different ways, across every aspect of our lives, AI can be that answer.

    In the public sector, we’re clamping down on benefit fraudsters…

    …and using AI as a co-pilot to help clear backlogs and radically speed up paperwork.

    Just take for example, the task of producing bundles for a benefits tribunal.

    Before, a week’s work could produce around 11.

    Now – that takes less than an hour.

    And just imagine the benefits of that rolled out across the whole of government.

    In the private sector, start-ups like Robin AI are revolutionising the legal profession…

    …writing contracts in minutes, saving businesses and customers time and money.

    London-based Wayve is using sophisticated AI software to create a new generation of electric, self-driving cars.

    But more than all of this – AI can help us solve some of the greatest social challenges of our time.

    It can help us finally achieve the promise of nuclear fusion, providing abundant, cheap, clean energy with virtually no emissions.

    It can help us solve world hunger, by making food cheaper and easier to grow…

    …and preventing crop failures by accurately predicting when to plant, harvest or water your crops.

    And AI could help find novel dementia treatments or develop vaccines for cancer.

    That’s why today we’re investing a further £100m to accelerate the use of AI…

    …on the most transformational breakthroughs in treatments for previously incurable diseases.

    Now I believe nothing in our foreseeable future will be more transformative for our economy, our society, and all our lives, than this technology.

    But in this moment, it is also one of the greatest tests of leadership we face.

    It would be easy to bury our heads in the sand and hope it’ll turn out alright in the end.

    To decide it’s all too difficult, or the risks of political failure are too great.

    To put short-term demands ahead of the long-term interest of the country.

    But I won’t do that.

    I will do the right thing, not the easy thing.

    I will always be honest with you about the risks.

    And you can trust me to make the right long-term decisions…

    …giving you the peace of mind that we will keep you safe…

    …while making sure you and your children have all the opportunities for a better future that AI can bring.

    I feel an extraordinary sense of purpose.

    When I think about why I came into politics…

    Frankly, why almost anyone came into politics…

    It’s because we want to make life better for people…

    …to give our children and grandchildren a better future.

    And we strive, hour after hour, policy after policy, just trying to make a difference.

    And yet, if harnessed in the right way, the power and possibility of this technology…

    …could dwarf anything any of us have achieved in a generation.

    And that’s why I make no apology for being pro-technology.

    It’s why I want to seize every opportunity for our country to benefit in the way I’m so convinced that it can.

    And it’s why I believe we can and should, look to the future with optimism and hope.

    Thank you.

  • Michelle Donelan – 2023 Speech at Onward on the Future of AI

    Michelle Donelan – 2023 Speech at Onward on the Future of AI

    The speech made by Michelle Donelan, the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, on 24 October 2023.

    Firstly let me say a massive thank you to Onward.

    I said when I first launched this new and exciting Department that people could expect to see a constant drumbeat of action from my officials, from my ministers and my entire team…

    What I didn’t expect was for Onward to take that challenge on too!

    From your brilliant report on generative AI earlier this year, to Allan Nixon’s Wired for Success Report which gave us insights into DSIT that illumined Whitehall.

    And I hear through the grapevine that Onward are publishing another AI-focused report in the coming weeks, so I look forward to reading that.

    It is safe to say that the world is now wide awake to the opportunities and the challenges posed by artificial intelligence.

    In the last 3 years alone, MPs have mentioned Artificial Intelligence more times in the House of Commons than they did in the entire 30 years before that.

    And when I stood up to give my first speech as the Secretary of State for the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, I made it clear that we were going to be different and we were going to do things differently.

    So, when it comes to AI, I think it is especially important because we cannot afford for DSIT to be a normal ‘business as usual’ Whitehall department.

    Nor can we deliver extraordinary things without more extraordinary people in our Departmental team.

    We need to be as agile, innovative and as accessible just like the entrepreneurs and businesses and researchers that we represent.

    And I am pleased to report that we have done exactly that.

    Over a matter of months we have added world-renowned AI experts to our Department and Taskforce…

    From renowned AI professors like David Krueger and Yarin Gal…

    To one of the Godfathers of AI, Yoshua Bengio….

    With our skills, Frontier AI Taskforce and our global AI Safety Summit, it is clear that the UK is perfectly placed to lead the international charge on seizing the opportunities of AI whilst gripping the risks.

    However, today I want to get beyond the statistics and go deeper into the philosophy that is driving our approach to AI.

    Many of you will have heard me talk about AI safety being the UK’s priority, and how we can only truly utilise the extraordinary benefits AI has to offer once we have tackled some of the safety challenges associated with the frontier.

    To some this may sound overcautious, or that we are being driven by fear of the risks rather than optimism about the opportunities. But actually I think it is rather about the opportunities that we are focusing on.

    Today, I want to smash these myths head on.

    Here at Onward, I want to set out how the UK’s approach to safety and security in AI will make it the best place in the world for new AI companies to not only grow but locate here.

    Safety and security are key to unlocking innovation.

    The country which tackles key AI safety risks  first will be the first to fully take advantage of the huge potential that AI has to provide.

    That is why the UK is putting more investment into these questions right now than any other country in the world.

    Questions like “how do we prevent misuse of Frontier AI by malicious actors?”

    And “how do we ensure we don’t lose human control and oversight of this new technology?”

    And how can we protect our society including our democratic system.

    Think of how air travel – once considered a dangerous new technology by many – is now one of the safest and most beneficial technologies in human history.

    We got there by working with countries across the world to make sure we have the right safety mechanisms in place –  and now we all reap the benefits of flying safely.

    Safety is absolutely critical to unlocking adoption across our economy.

    Boosting consumer confidence is what will make the difference between a country taking a few years to adopt new technology into their lives, or a few decades.

    I want to make sure the UK is at the forefront of reaping the benefits of this transformative technology.

    Our approach to AI has been commended for being agile, open and innovative.  But we need more research to guide our approach.

    In many cases, we simply don’t understand the risks in enough detail or certainty right now because this an emerging technology that is developing quicker than any other technology in human history.

    It took mankind just over a lifetime to go from the horse and cart to the space race.

    Yet in the last four years large language models have gone from barely being able to write a coherent sentence to now being able to pass the bar exam and medical exams and who knows what large language models have are set to hold.

    So the pace of development is fast and unpredictable which means our focus needs to be on understanding the risks.

    And in life I do think its important to understand the problem before rushing to solutions. And with AI this should be no different.

    That is why we established the Frontier AI Taskforce and have appointed a world-leading research team to turbo-charge our understanding of frontier AI with expert insights.

    The Taskforce is already making rapid progress, forging partnerships with industry and developing innovative approaches to addressing the risks of AI and harnessing its benefits.

    The Global AI Safety Summit is also an opportunity to build that understanding, share learnings and establish a network globally to work together to ensure our research can keep up with this transformative emerging technology.

    Indeed, one of the key objectives of the Summit is to form an agreement on what the key risks actually are.

    By bringing countries, leading tech organisations, academia and civil society together, the UK will lead the international conversation on frontier AI.

    The global nature of AI means that international concerted action is absolutely critical. AI doesn’t stop at geographical boundaries and nor should our approach.

    But of course, we do also need to make sure we have the right domestic approach in place to drive safe, responsible AI innovation.

    Earlier this year we set out a principles-based approach through the AI Regulation White Paper.

    Our approach is agile, targeted and sector-specific.

    We here in the UK understand that AI use cases are drastically different across different sectors.

    A one size fits all system that treats agri-tech the same way as military drones because they both use AI is unreasonable and undeliverable.

    By empowering existing regulators to regulate AI in their own sectors where they have their own expertise, we have created the most tailored and responsive regulatory regime anywhere in the world.

    We have also supported different sectors with a Central risk function – horizon scanning.

    Later this year, we will publish a full response to our White Paper – showing how our approach is keeping pace with this transformative technology.

    So, what does this all mean for small businesses?

    The regulatory approach set out in the White Paper is specifically designed to be flexible, support innovation and ensure that small, new and challenger AI companies can grow and succeed here in the UK.

    And indeed, we are already taking steps to deliver on those aims by working with the Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum to pilot a new advisory service for AI and digital innovators so companies can bring their products more quickly and safely to market.

    We want the UK to remain one of the most nimble and innovative places in the world for AI companies to grow.

    That is why it is right to reaffirm our commitment to our principles-based approach to regulation whilst also taking bold steps to address risks at the frontier,

    investing in world-class research capabilities and working closely with industry and civil society to make sure our AI governance approach keeps pace.

    Our proportionate and targeted approach will enable us to foster innovation and encourage companies to grow to catch up with the frontier – because we are not pulling up the drawbridge –in fact what we want to do is give consumers and the public confidence to boost adoption and it will ensure we can seize the opportunities safely.

    Far from a race to the bottom, the key AI developers across the world and here in the UK are telling me they are looking for countries where they will have certainty, clarity and support when it comes to building and deploying AI safely.

    They want a mature, considered and agile approach to AI that maximises the potential for innovation by mitigating the risks.

    They want to open up in countries where consumers are open-minded and excited about using their AI tools to improve their lives, which is why with the global AI Safety Summit, we are not only talking about risks, but also talking about opportunities for the benefit of mankind.

    And the proof is in the pudding Open AI, Anthropic have opened their international offices here.

    I want the UK people to use AI with the same confidence and lack of fear as we do when we book an airplane ticket.

    And I want AI companies to know that the UK is the most up-to-date, agile and economically rewarding place in the world to build their business in.

    So, to all the smaller AI companies out there, let me send this message out to you today: the UK is and will remain the most agile and innovative place for you to develop your business.

    Safety at the frontier means prosperity across the sector.

    We will grip the risks so that we can seize the opportunities.

    Thank you.

  • Oliver Dowden – 2023 Speech to the Future Investment Initiative

    Oliver Dowden – 2023 Speech to the Future Investment Initiative

    The speech made by Oliver Dowden, the Deputy Prime Minister, in Riyadh on 24 October 2023.

    Today’s theme is ‘defining dynamism amid global shocks’.

    And there could be no more apt place to discuss dynamism than Saudi Arabia.

    The pace of change in the Kingdom is dizzying:

    Asserting global leadership from the Gulf…

    …rocketing up the rankings for ease of doing business…

    …leapfrogging the world’s largest economies…

    …embracing technological change…

    … and transforming an economy fuelled by oil… into one powered by renewables…

    …making Vision 2030 not just a vision, but a reality.

    That is true dynamism: embracing change, and leading the charge.

    With your megacities and giga-projects, Saudi is not just adopting clean technologies but pioneering them…

    …delivering solutions that we will all be using in the future.

    So That’s why the UK is proud to partner with you in a huge array of areas, such as financial services, clean energy, urban regeneration, academia, defence, sports, e-gaming and more.

    Truly a partnership for the future.

    AGE OF SHOCKS

    But we do so in a world where shocks have become the new norm.

    We rightly refer to them as global shocks because their impact ripples from the epicentre right across our planet.

    The great financial crisis … the Covid pandemic … Russia’s invasion of Ukraine …

    …Record temperatures and devastating natural disasters…

    …and, of course, the brutal strike into the heart of Israel by Hamas terrorists just two weeks ago…

    …the very worst of humanity.

    Thousands of people have died horrifically… unnecessarily.

    Tens of thousands more are injured, or are in mourning.

    And millions are now living in fear of the consequences.

    This has caused untold misery and has led to deep, widespread insecurity.

    And we stand with all innocent victims of this conflict.

    Urging respect for international humanitarian law…

    And for parties to take every possible step to avoid harming civilians.

    And we welcome ongoing efforts to open up humanitarian access to Gaza…

    …we have pledged millions extra in aid…

    …and we remain committed to the two state solution.

    Britain stands together to reject terror, hate and prejudice.

    …and to reset the path to peace and long-term stability.

    TRADITIONAL SECURITY

    And as the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister has tasked me personally to drive cross-Government resilience towards shocks of all kinds.

    Understanding the nature of the threats we face today…

    …and scanning the horizon to predict the threats we may face tomorrow.

    The first duty of every government is to protect their civilians.

    Of course, our first line of defence is always our armed forces.

    Those brave men and women are our resilience personified.

    And the UK and Saudi Arabia have a proud partnership in security which stretches back into our history…

    …sharing intelligence, exchanging military hardware, training alongside one another…

    …and continuing into the future with our world-leading Typhoon jets.

    ECONOMIC SECURITY (AND TECH SHOCKS)

    But increasingly, the ripples of recent global shocks…

    …reverberate in an economic sense…

    …disrupting supply chains… driving up energy prices… and causing food shortages.

    And it on this economic front, where I am leading the UK’s charge to be out in front, in terms of our resilience…

    …developing and retaining critical domestic capabilities…

    …screening investment into UK companies…

    …protecting Government procurement from national security threats…

    …and better understanding our supply chains.

    As we scan the horizon, we see that rapid technological advancements will only make this task more urgent.

    We’ve had a glimpse into this future…

    …with cyberattacks bringing public services to a halt…

    …and ransomware wiping millions off companies’ share prices.

    Deepfakes have duped consumers…

    …bots have interfered in elections…

    …and intellectual property has been stolen from businesses and academic institutions.

    Now so far, these have been relative skirmishes…

    …wrought by an unholy alliance between hostile states and non-state actors.

    But with the enormous potential of artificial intelligence and quantum computing…

    …there is a very real possibility that the world’s next shock will be a tech shock.

    And so next week the United Kingdom will be convening the world’s leading nations and pioneering AI companies for the first global frontier AI safety summit.

    These emerging technologies represent exciting opportunities.

    …they exist at the cutting edge of development, often yet to be commercialised and with unknown end applications…

    But we also know that hostile state actors are actively seeking these technologies for their own competitive advantage…

    … or even to enhance their military capability.

    And the most valuable commodities to both businesses and nations are increasingly the source code… the technical designs… or other – intangible – intellectual property that underpins innovation.

    Where they have a military or dual-use application, traditional means of controlling these transfers are often simply not enough.

    These Intangible products can now be exported in a second – attached to an email…

    ….with no customs official to check any documentation…

    …nor a list of multilaterally agreed product categories to check against…

    …because these technologies have only just been invented…

    …often in small university spin-outs, rather than the established defence contractors used to working with Government.

    This dynamism in the tech sphere, must be met with dynamism within Government.

    Now I know that ‘Dynamism’ and ‘Government’, not, perhaps, two words which you often put together…

    But we cannot afford not to be…

    This is why I am reviewing our tools to ensure they are fit for purpose:

    • Examining our export regime controls, to ensure that it is striking the right balance for emerging technologies relevant to national security…
    • Exploring other paths through which this sensitive technology can leak out unchecked such as through outbound investment flows…
    • And working with academic institutions and start-ups to ensure they are alert to the risks, and have the toolkit to protect themselves.

    We need to build a policy environment that provides the private sector with the confidence to innovate…

    Confidence to build partnerships…

    Confidence to grow.

    Economic security should never be seen as a constraint on growth.

    It is an enabler of it.

    UK-KSA ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP

    So just as allies work together on physical security, so we need to work together to build economic security.

    Just as important as the collaboration between nation states is the partnership between Government and business.

    Which is why, earlier this year, we established the National Protective Security Authority within MI5 – so that our security services can support business in understanding and protecting themselves against the threats they face.

    The partnership between the UK and Saudi Arabia is a fine example of the collaboration we need.

    We made the green finance deal made last year – ensuring we protect our energy needs for the future…

    We’ve made an agreement on critical minerals this year – enhancing our collaboration and exploring new sources of supplying these elements that are so vital to our future prosperity and national security.

    And through to next year I will personally be prioritising building the bond between our two kingdoms.

    So today I can announce that I will be leading a new strand of engagement with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia  to enhance our cooperation and mutually-beneficial investment relationships, building on similar relations across the gulf.

    The partnership between our kingdoms has helped to shape the world we live in, and will be a linch-pin of shaping the future through to 2030.

    But just as important as the collaboration between nation states, is the partnership between government and business.

    So I will be Chairing a new Public-Private Forum between Government and business on economic security challenges… with the first meetings later this year.

    And I want to be very clear to all of you, that my door is always open to investors to discuss our economic security agenda.

    And our first task when Prime MInister Rishi Sunak was to restore the predictability and stability that investors so cherish in the United Kingdom.

    Our task now is to drive growth, jobs, prosperity and investment. And I know that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will be a key partner in that mission.

    PROSPERITY AGENDA

    But we should also never underestimate how much our peace, stability, and resilience to shocks are underpinned by our prosperity.

    A strong, growing economy doesn’t just allow you to invest in your armed forces….

    …it also allows you to deliver for your people…

    …it is a signal to the world that you are a serious partner and a key player.

    Those who will succeed in this age of uncertainty, as new economic powers vie for pole position…

    …are those with the fastest-growing, most vibrant, dynamic economies.

    And those nations – and those businesses – will get to shape the new global order.

    And the UK is laser-focused on that prosperity agenda.

    We are wide open for business…

    …a world-leader in climate solutions, life sciences and creativity…

    …a wonderful place to invest and innovate…

    …and a partner with whom to seize technological opportunities.

    Happily these areas where we excel are the areas where Saudi wants to grow.

    So your Vision 2030 is our vision too.

    We’re by your side…

    …with scores of fund managers flocking to Riyadh…

    …and hundreds of UK businesses operating all across Saudi.

    Meanwhile, of course London’s global financial centre remains committed to being the preferred hub for this part of the world…

    …thousands of Saudi students and tourists are in Britain…

    …and Saudi investment is benefitting every corner of our country.

    That is all part of a deepening partnership with the wider GCC – the UK’s 7th largest export market…

    …and with whom we hope to increase trade still further through a free trade agreement.

    Geopolitical shifts are a great challenge to all our economies…

    …but we can turn them into an opportunity to build a new world order based on rules, competition, open markets, innovation and investment.

    Because that is the definition of dynamism: turning challenges into opportunities.

    Not ignoring the threat of climate change but seizing the opportunities we have to build a green future.

    Not shunning artificial intelligence but using it to solve some of the greatest problems we face.

    Not turning inwards as new powers emerge and challenges arise, but forging new alliances and strengthening old ones.

    That is how we will withstand shocks, build resilience and embrace opportunities for all our people.

    Thank you.

  • Keir Starmer – 2023 Speech on the Situation in the Middle East

    Keir Starmer – 2023 Speech on the Situation in the Middle East

    The speech made by Keir Starmer, the Leader of the Opposition, on 31 October 2023.

    Thank you all for coming today.

    And thank you to Chatham House for hosting and for your resolute commitment to dialogue on this issue.

    An issue that so many people recoil from out of despair.

    A despair that in the last three weeks has arguably reached new depths.

    Indeed, anyone who has followed this closely will have seen images that can never be unseen.

    Tiny bodies, wrapped in bundles.

    In Israel and Gaza.

    Mothers and fathers shattered by the ultimate grief.

    The innocent dead.

    Israeli. Palestinian. Muslim. Jew.

    It’s a tragedy where the facts on the ground are changing by the minute, but where the consequences will last for decades and the trauma might never fade.

    A crisis where the search for solutions is shrouded, not just by the fog of war but by an ever-darkening cloud of misinformation.

    Nonetheless, we must do what we can and we must explain what we do.

    Democratic accountability matters – particularly in light of the rising temperature on British streets.

    Our efforts must respond to the two immediate tragedies.

    To the 7th of October – the biggest slaughter of Jews – and that is why they were killed, do not doubt that, since the Holocaust.

    Men, women, children, babies murdered, mutilated and tortured by the terrorists of Hamas.

    Over 200 hostages, including British citizens, taken back into Gaza.

    Make no mistake.

    This is terrorism on a scale and brutality that few countries have ever experienced – certainly not this one.

    And that is an immutable fact that must drive our response to these events.

    As must the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza which again, plays out on a previously unimaginable scale.

    Thousands of innocent Palestinians…

    Dead.

    Displaced.

    Desperate for food and water, reduced to drinking contaminated filth, hiding out in hospitals for shelter whilst in those same buildings, babies lie in incubators that could turn off at any moment.

    At every stage during this crisis, my approach has been driven by the need to respond to both these tragedies.

    To stand by the right to self-defence of any nation which suffers terrorism on this scale alongside the basic human rights of innocent Palestinians caught, once again, in the crossfire.

    To focus, at every stage, on the practical steps that might make a material difference on the ground.

    In the short-term – on the humanitarian conditions in Gaza and the efforts by Israel to rescue her hostages.

    But in the future, also to the hope that I know still burns brightly for those who want peace.

    The two-state solution.

    An Israel where every citizen enjoys the security they need.

    And a viable Palestinian state where the Palestinian people and their children enjoy the freedoms and opportunities that we all take for granted.

    That is why, while I understand calls for a ceasefire, at this stage I do not believe that is the correct position now, for two reasons.

    One, because a ceasefire always freezes any conflict in the state where it currently lies.

    And as we speak, that would leave Hamas with the infrastructure and the capability to carry out the sort of attack we saw on October the 7th.

    Attacks that are still ongoing.

    Hostages who should be released – still held.

    Hamas would be emboldened and start preparing for future violence immediately.

    And it is this context which explains my second reason, which is that our current calls for pauses in the fighting for clear and specific humanitarian purposes, and which must start immediately is right in practice as well as principle.

    In fact it is – at this moment– the only credible approach that has any chance of achieving what we all want to see in Gaza – the urgent alleviation of Palestinian suffering.

    Aid distributed quickly.

    Space to get hostages out.

    That is why it is also the position shared by our major allies, in the US and the EU and I urge all parties to heed its call.

    Over time, the facts on the ground will inevitably change in relation to both hostages being rescued and Hamas’s capability to carry out attacks like we saw on October the 7th.

    And we must move to cessation of fighting as quickly as possible.

    Because the reality is that neither the long-term security of Israel nor long-term justice for Palestine can be delivered by bombs and bullets.

    Open-ended military action, action without a clear and desired political outcome is ultimately futile.

    This needs to begin now because a political agreement – however unlikely that seems today, however painful the first steps are to take – is the only way to resolve this conflict, once and for all.

    That is why our position and our counsel has always been that Israel must submit to the rules of international law.

    The right to self-defence is fundamental but it is not a blank cheque.

    The supply of basic utilities like water, medicines, electricity and yes, fuel to civilians in Gaza cannot be blocked by Israel.

    Every life matters, so every step must be taken to protect civilians from bombardment.

    Palestinians should not be forced to leave their homes en masse, but where they have no choice but to flee within Gaza we need crystal clear guarantees that they will be able to return quickly.

    You cannot overstate the importance of this last point.

    In conflicts like this, the most painful blows are those that land on the bruises of history.

    And for Palestinians – the threat of displacement sends a shiver down the spine.

    It must be disavowed urgently, clearly and by all.

    Because, while it may feel like a truism, so often the trauma of the present, leads directly to the tragedy of the future.

    Hamas know this.

    They knew Israel would have to respond.

    Their aim on October the 7th was not just to kill Jews, it was to bring death upon their fellow Muslims in Gaza.

    A plan, written in blood, to isolate Israel from the West, destroy its improving relations with other Arab Nations and ultimately, provoke wider regional conflicts across the Middle East.

    That threat remains real.

    And I echo President Biden’s sage advice to Israel.

    To understand, in its own interest, why a whirlwind of understandable emotion and rage must not blind it to the fact that it is Hamas it must target, Hamas that is the enemy, Hamas brutality that must be prevented, and not the Palestinian people, who must be protected.

    So I say again – we have to get many more aid trucks across the Rafah crossing.

    We have to get food, water, electricity, medicine and fuel into Gaza.

    We have to preserve innocent lives.

    Hospitals must be protected and cannot become targets.

    Across the West – we have been calling for this for weeks.

    But it hasn’t happened.

    The siege conditions haven’t lifted.

    That’s unacceptable – and it cannot continue.

    The risk of regional escalation is real and must be prevented.

    This is why millions of people across our country are rightly concerned.

    Concerned as well – about the impact this is having on communities here in Britain.

    There are some who want us divided.

    But our approach to multi-culturalism is envied around the globe.

    Jews, Christians, and Muslims live side-by-side and this is so ordinary it is barely remarked upon.

    Inter-faith marriages are common.

    People celebrate each others’ traditions and festivals as naturally as they do their own.

    The freedom of religious expression is uncontroversial.

    We don’t stop often enough to reflect on how unusual this is.

    How Britain’s modern diverse democracy is an existential challenge to people, all around the world, who say this cannot be done, something we’ve worked hard for, through the generations and that at moments like this we do have a responsibility to fight for it.

    We cannot have a Britain where Jewish business are attacked, Jewish schools marked with red paint, Jewish families hiding who they are.

    We cannot have a Britain where Muslim women feel scared to take public transport, Mosques are attacked, Palestinian restaurants receive death threats.

    No – this isn’t our Britain.

    And in the Labour Party we will have to reach out to communities under pressure and show them the respect and empathy they deserve as a fundamental British right.

    But ultimately, the gravest ramifications of failure, will of course be felt in the Middle East itself.

    For too long the international community has put the Israeli-Palestinian conflict into the too difficult box.

    There is no recent equivalent of anything like the concerted push for peace we saw in the 1990s and early 2000s.

    No – what has happened is we have continually paid lip service to a two-state solution.

    Because it’s easier – convenient – perhaps to look away.

    To look away from Gaza.

    Knowing it is controlled by those who want to kill Jews and wipe Israel off the map.

    To look away from Israel.

    Knowing people live without the security which they deserve.

    To look away from the West Bank.

    Knowing more settlements are being built against international law.

    Now – I don’t say any of this to start a new round of arguments or hand-wringing.

    Instead this must be the time for a new resolve.

    A renewed push, from all parties, to find a way to peace.

    It will mean engaging with our Arab partners, working urgently on viable plans for a Palestine free from the terrorism of Hamas.

    It will mean engaging with Israel, seeking to address its security concerns in the future but showing clearly that the settlement building is unacceptable, unlawful and has to stop.

    The Palestinian people need to know there is a genuine will and determination from Israel, from Arab states, from the West to finally address their plight in deeds as well as words.

    Because the Palestinian claim to statehood is not in the gift of a neighbour.

    It is an inalienable right of the Palestinian people and the clear logic of any call for a two-state solution.

    So my Labour Party will fight for that cause.

    We will work with international partners towards the recognition of a Palestinian state as part of a negotiated, just and lasting peace.

    Because even in the darkest days – in fact especially in the darkest days – we have to keep alive the light of peace.

    Fight, despite the horror of the present, for the fragile hope of the future.

    Focusing, always, on the difference we can make.

    This is an old conflict, but it is not and never has been an issue that will be solved by the black and white simplicity of unbending conviction.

    Rather, the colour of peace – always in conflict resolution is grey.

    And in the coming days and months we must do everything we can to fight for it.

    Thank you.

  • James Cleverly – 2023 Statement at the Cairo Peace Summit

    James Cleverly – 2023 Statement at the Cairo Peace Summit

    The statement made by James Cleverly, the Foreign Secretary, in Cairo on 21 October 2023.

    Thank you Mr President for convening this incredibly important meeting at this difficult time.

    I am sure we all share the revulsion at Hamas’s murderous acts of terrorism, the targeting of civilians, the murdering of children, the desecration of dead bodies. And I’m sure we are all distressed by the plight of Palestinian civilians in Gaza whose lives have been made harder, more painful and more dangerous because of the brutal attacks by Hamas on the 7th of October. And we all mourn the dead, both Israeli and Palestinian.

    This has been an issue which has long stimulated passions and we are now all seeing on social media and in our communities how divisive and polarising the current situation has become. So we have a duty, a duty to work together to prevent instability from engulfing the region and claiming yet more lives. We must work together to prevent the tragic situation in Gaza becoming a regional conflict because that is exactly what Hamas wants.

    We remind ourselves that just months ago the Negev summit was a moment of hope, hope for peaceful coexistence between the Israelis and the Palestinians. Hamas has long stood in direct opposition to that vision and we must therefore ensure that Hamas does not win. Rather, we must ensure the peaceful co-existence wins.

    The UK notes the thoughtful and calm words of President Abbas on behalf of the Palestinian people, and we are grateful to the governments who are seeking to intercede on behalf of those held hostage and those foreign nationals who are trapped in Gaza. And we are grateful for the work to ensure that the humanitarian aid, which many of us have partially funded, reaches those Gazans who are deeply in need.

    The UK is clear and has been consistently clear that Israel has the right to self-defence and the right to secure the release of those who were kidnapped on the 7th of October. And we are also clear that we must work and they must work to alleviate the suffering of the Palestinian people in Gaza and that their actions are in accordance with international law. I have spoken directly to the Israeli government about their duty to respect international law and the importance of preserving civilian lives in Gaza. Despite the incredibly difficult circumstances, I have called for discipline and professionalism and restraint from the Israeli military.

    The situation currently unfolding is probably the most challenging situation that I have had to deal with in my professional, personal or political life. And I suspect that I am not alone.

    But I still believe in the power of diplomacy, and I still believe that we can work together to secure a future where Israelis and Palestinians live in peace.

  • Claire Coutinho – 2023 Speech at the Energy UK conference

    Claire Coutinho – 2023 Speech at the Energy UK conference

    The speech made by Claire Coutinho, the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, in London on 18 October 2023.

    Good afternoon everyone.

    It’s a pleasure to join you today.

    You are lucky to have such a strong champion in Emma [Pinchbeck].

    Before I met her, someone described Emma to me as ‘pretty candid’.

    Now I’ve got to know her a bit, I can confirm they were absolutely right.

    So I’m delighted to give my first keynote speech as Energy Secretary to this audience.

    And hopefully offer a few candid views of my own.

    I feel incredibly privileged to be in this job.

    Simply put, this is the most exciting sector to be in right now.

    Energy also brings together the 3 key policy areas I’ve worked on my whole career.

    Investment, jobs and economic growth.

    Net zero and the wider environment.

    And helping disadvantaged families and communities, something I’ve always been passionate about.

    We cannot thrive as a country without affordable, reliable, abundant energy.

    We cannot prosper or protect our population without energy security.

    Nor can our children flourish if we don’t decarbonise energy, and ensure that the whole ecosystem survives intact for the next generation.

    That’s a huge responsibility on all our shoulders.

    So as the new Secretary of State, my pledge to the industry is to work with you as closely as possible.

    And to listen.

    To make sure our ambitions chime with your capacity to deliver and grow.

    In fact I’ve already spoken to hundreds of you since taking up the job to make sure we are changing policy with the realities you face in mind.

    I feel enormously optimistic about the energy sector.

    At a local level it supports millions of jobs around the country.

    Offshore wind jobs in Humber, Cornwall and East Anglia.

    Nuclear jobs in Somerset and Suffolk.

    Oil and gas jobs in Scotland.

    And jobs throughout the supply chain.

    Energy is helping revitalise communities that played an instrumental role in Britain’s industrial growth, yet declined for much of the 20th century.

    And it is increasingly important for us to think long term in light of rising global instability at a time when much of the world is transitioning to clean energy.

    I can’t help but feel that this is the most important sector when it comes to changing our world for the better. I know you do too.

    So it’s fitting we’re in this building today.

    The home of the Institution of Civil Engineers.

    Where so many great energy figures from history are celebrated.

    From famous names like Watt and Faraday.

    To less well-known figures like John Smeaton, for example commemorated with his own room.

    A man who could be described as one of the fathers of renewable energy.

    250 years ago, Smeaton was designing groundbreaking waterwheels and windmills that turned natural energy into motion, transforming production of food and textiles and paving the way for the Industrial Revolution.

    He reminds us, that the energy pioneers of the past not only had brilliant minds.

    They had good timing too.

    They had the opportunity which presents itself when creative minds meet eras of phenomenal progress.

    These transitions don’t happen very often. The Renaissance. The Industrial Revolution.

    And now we are on the brink of perhaps the most important transition of all, when centuries of change are being compressed into years.

    And what’s exciting, is Britain’s potential to shape this transition and seize this opportunity, through our own innovation and investment.

    Of course we’re conscious of what other countries are doing to stimulate green investment, particularly the US and Europe.

    I’ve made investment my top priority.

    I’ve also tasked my department to prioritise investment decisions.

    And we’re looking across government at how we can further accelerate investment in green industries.

    But how many other nations are spending £20 billion to get their carbon capture and storage industry up and running?

    No other technology offers Britain bigger or more exciting potential for our green energy future than carbon capture.

    We will only succeed in the energy transition if we double down on sectors with the greatest opportunities.

    The greatest opportunities to decarbonise.

    To help polluting industries go green.

    And to grow our economy.

    Make no mistake, carbon capture and storage is one of those sectors.

    So we’ll be publishing a long-term vision for CCUS later this year.

    But we’re also investing in our world leading offshore wind sector,  delivering enough offshore wind to power the equivalent of every home in Britain by 2030.

    I am committed to a successful AR6, a round that includes offshore wind in which sustainably priced projects will be able to compete.

    And we’ll be publishing the administrative strike price for the next round in November.

    In addition, we’ll generate enough solar energy to power over 28 million electric vehicles by 2035.

    We’re spending £700 million to boost fusion technology.

    We’re backing space-based solar projects.

    And Britain’s nuclear revival is well under way.

    With Hinkley Point C in Somerset set to provide enough secure, low carbon electricity to power around 6 million homes.

    And Sizewell C in Suffolk, a sister project featuring the most powerful electricity generators in the world, to supply another 6 million homes.

    We’ve launched Great British Nuclear to deliver our programme.

    Its first priority to accelerate the development of Small Modular Reactors.

    And as we announced the other day, we’ve chosen 6 companies to progress to the next competitive stage to design and build the UK’s first SMRs.

    Bringing all our work together is the Energy Bill – the vehicle for delivering the energy strategy.

    To turbocharge British technology.

    To liberate £100 billion of private investment, scaling-up green jobs and growth.

    And to make Britain energy secure.

    Yet I also recognise that there are profound challenges.

    From COVID-19 to Ukraine and the shocking events of the last few weeks.

    It’s been an uncertain few years.

    For the energy industry.

    For families and households.

    And yes, for governments too.

    You’ve told me about the issues you face and what we need to do to lead the energy transition.

    For example, many of you have spoken about practicalities and how we can unclog the system and how we can give you as much of a long lead time as possible.

    That’s why the most important announcement we have made recently is prioritising grid connections, and reforms to infrastructure and planning.

    I am acutely aware that although we’re investing tens of billions in new energy projects, we don’t yet have the grid infrastructure to bring that energy to households and businesses.

    At a time of rising demand, when we need increased electrification at pace it takes too long to build new grid connections.

    So we’re going to introduce comprehensive reforms.

    We’ll set out the UK’s first ever spatial plan for infrastructure to give industry more certainty.

    We’ll speed up planning for the most nationally significant projects.

    And we’ll raise the bar to enter the queue and make sure those who are ready first, will connect first.

    The Holistic Network Design, published by the Electricity System Operator, is a blueprint for the connection of over 20GW of offshore wind.

    We strongly supported Ofgem’s Accelerating Strategic Transmission Investment decision at the end of last year, allowing £20 billion to accelerate key transmission projects.

    To speed up the consenting process for new network infrastructure, the government has consulted on revised energy National Policy Statements.

    And we are bringing forward measures to boost development consent, including a fast-track process.

    As you already heard earlier, Nick Winser has advised us on how the deployment process for electricity transmission infrastructure can be further ramped up, with an ambition to halve delivery times.

    I’d like to thank Nick for all his work – and following his report, we will publish an action plan by the end of the year.

    Releasing network capacity will help reduce connection times.

    And we are creating a Future System Operator to sit at the heart of the energy system, looking across different fuels and technologies to plan the network and increase competition.

    All of this work will streamline planning and delivery and tackle the complexity and fragmentation of the current process.

    Nothing will distract us from achieving net zero or driving forward renewables.

    In fact, this country has led the world on tackling carbon emissions. And we’ll continue to do so.

    Of all the major economies, we have set the toughest targets.

    And thanks in no small part to the energy industry, we’ve exceeded all of them.

    We’ve cut our emissions in half over the past 30 years.

    We’ve boosted our share of renewables from just 7% in 2010 to almost half today.

    We’re third in the world for attracting investment in clean energy – a pretty incredible achievement given our size.

    But to realise our ambitions we must ensure that our energy plans are viable.

    That’s what the Prime Minister’s net zero speech was all about last month.

    A pragmatic approach, to make sure we deliver effectively, taking consumers and industry with us as we decarbonise.

    [political content removed]

    The truth is we can’t impose unaffordable extra costs on households.

    Particularly at a time when millions of families are struggling with the cost of living.

    Instead we need to bring consumers with us on the net zero journey.

    The Climate Change Committee have assessed that there is no material difference in our progress to cut emissions by 2030 since their last report in June, yet these changes have the ability to make a real difference to the finances of households up and down the country.

    I want people to feel nothing but unadulterated optimism when they think about what this means for them, their countries and their children’s futures.

    We are absolutely committed to our targets.

    But we will get there in a way that is fair on family finances.

    We want a retail energy market which is resilient, competitive, and fit for the future. Most importantly, we want a retail energy market that delivers for consumers.

    On that note, I welcome Ofgem’s move to ensure customers get the good service they deserve from their energy supplier, and that vulnerable customers are prioritised and protected.

    You’ll be hearing more on that from Jonathan Brearley soon.

    I also welcome the action which has been taken to put an end to the wrongful installation of prepayment meters in vulnerable households.

    The responsibility is now with suppliers to stick to these new rules while also innovating, so consumers benefit from cheaper renewable electricity, and using their energy when demand is lower.

    Although energy bills have been steadily coming down, 55% since the peak, we’re going to work closely with Ofgem to see how we can support those who are struggling.

    We spent £40 billion last winter protecting communities and businesses, among the highest in Europe.

    And those on means tested benefits will get further support this year with a £900 Cost of Living Payment to ensure struggling families continue to be protected.

    Looking to the future, we’re going to reform markets so they work for consumers much more effectively.

    Rising costs have also hit the industry.

    Particularly the price of materials and the cost of borrowing.

    We’re doing everything we can to reduce inflation.

    From the 10.7% rate in the final 3 months of last year, the CPI was down to 6.7% in August. With it expected to fall further still.

    But the imperative remains.

    We’ll need to continue innovating and reducing costs as an industry to stay competitive.

    Finally – as well as generating new green energy tomorrow, we must make more efficient use of the energy we have today.

    Last winter was incredibly difficult for millions of people.

    We are already investing £6.6 billion in energy efficiency and clean heat this Parliament.

    We’ve launched a £1 billion drive to help more than 300,000 households in most need to cut their energy bills by hundreds of pounds through the Great British Insulation Scheme.

    And we have committed to invest a further £6 billion between 2025 and 2028.

    The share of homes in the highest bands has risen from 16% in 2011 to 47% in 2021.

    And we’ve introduced more generous grants for heat pumps.

    Grants available under the Boiler Upgrade Scheme increase from £5,000 to £7,500 on Monday next week, among the most generous in Europe.

    Which means the first British customer will be able to get one for free under the scheme.

    So to sum up let me tell you again what you already know. There has never been a more exciting time to work in Energy.

    This is exactly why the PM created a standalone department focused solely on energy security and net zero.

    Our ambitions on net zero are undiminished, we continue to have world leading targets and we will meet them with the help of the talent, expertise and innovation in this room.

    I am determined that this historic transition.

    To a net zero economy, to an energy secure nation.

    Is not only one that we can deliver.

    It’s also one that we will deliver together.

    Thank you.

  • Claire Coutinho – 2023 Speech on UK’s Carbon Capture Opportunities

    Claire Coutinho – 2023 Speech on UK’s Carbon Capture Opportunities

    The speech made by Claire Coutinho, the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, in London on 17 October 2023.

    Good morning everyone, and a warm welcome to the Carbon Capture & Storage Association (CCSA) conference.

    A huge thank you to Ruth for everything that she’s done to put this together.

    It is genuinely a real pleasure to be here today to talk about the extraordinary opportunities for carbon capture that we have in this country.

    Two hundred years ago, Britain was instrumental in helping the world industrialise.

    It was our innovation, creativity, and global reach that spread the industrial revolution and transformed global economies.

    Today we have a different, but no less important, role to play – helping the world decarbonise.

    We’ve already cut our own carbon emissions in half in just 30 years and boosted our share of renewables from 7% in our energy output in 2010 to almost half today.

    Of all the major economies, we have set the toughest targets and thanks in no small part to our energy industry, we have exceeded all of them.

    But the challenges ahead are significant.

    How do we accelerate those reductions?

    How do we help other countries do the same?

    And how do we achieve it fast enough to put a brake on climate change?

    I passionately believe that the key to success will be doubling down on sectors with the greatest opportunities.

    The greatest opportunities to decarbonise, to help polluting industries go green and to boost jobs, investment and growth.

    And make no mistake, carbon capture and storage is one of those sectors.

    Britain’s vast potential means I believe we can lead the world in safely capturing and storing carbon dioxide.

    Creating a path for industries which cannot decarbonise at the pace we require – like cement and chemicals – to join the green revolution.

    And there are other compelling benefits.

    For example, CCUS will help ensure the reliability of electricity supplies, bolstering our future energy security and it will help regenerate communities across the country, particularly in our industrial heartlands and coastal communities where jobs and investment are most needed.

    Before Parliament, I spent a lot of time working with those communities which felt left behind and the prospect today of a new, multi-billion-pound cycle of investments in decarbonisation projects represents huge hope for the future.

    We have the right geology, the right infrastructure, and the right skills to be at the forefront of carbon capture and to lift other economies by cutting the cost of decarbonising.

    That’s why the government is making a massive commitment to this game-changing technology.

    The Prime Minister has made it abundantly clear in recent weeks that we need pragmatic answers to cut the carbon challenge.

    And there’s no better example of this than CCUS.

    Carbon capture and storage is pragmatism in action.

    What’s more common sense than taking advantage of our own geography to address one of the greatest threats facing mankind?

    That’s why we remain fully committed to:

    our unprecedented £20 billion for early deployment of the technology, among the biggest funding commitments in Europe
    the first 8 projects of the ‘first-of-a-kind capture networks’ we’ll be taking forward in the North East, North West and Wales
    and the next 2 carbon capture clusters in the North East and Scotland
    These announcements put us on track to achieve between 20 and 30 million tonnes of captured and stored carbon dioxide a year – the equivalent of taking 4 and 6 million cars off the road each year from 2030.

    If we make this target, it will support 50,000 jobs by 2030, and add £5 billion to the economy by 2050.

    Not only helping us deliver our net zero commitments but also creating prosperity throughout the UK.

    I was delighted to reach alignment with Eni on the key commercial principles to take Hynet forward, and I’m looking forward to working further with them to celebrate this important milestone.

    But of course we must look beyond the domestic implications of CCUS.

    CCUS will be a global industry, and to continue leading in this space we need to think beyond UK clusters.

    This also poses some key questions.

    Firstly, how do we deliver enough storage to make Carbon Budget 6 a reality?

    The North Sea Transition Authority estimates as much as 100 carbon stores will be needed to meet our net zero commitments.

    Well we have the space, and then some.

    With 78 billion tonnes of potential storage, the reality is the UK has the potential to be one of the greatest CO2 storage bases in Europe.

    But if we want to match that space to market need we’ll require a system level approach, creating a brand new network with new technical codes and contracts, with government and industry working together to achieve it.

    We will set out that ambition and I know for many of you this must include more clarity on timelines.

    I’ve spoken to lots of investors and stakeholders since I’ve been in this role and that has come out clearly.

    So my department will be publishing a vision for the CCUS sector later this year.

    This will provide a long-term picture of an expanding sector to bolster investor confidence.

    But the second question is no less important.

    How do we keep costs down? And therefore, how do we remain competitive?

    As the Prime Minister has made clear, we don’t get to net zero without honest conversation with the public.

    Part of that conversation is demonstrating that we have achieved the best value for money possible.

    We can’t separate the market and the path to net zero.

    Now, I recognise that costs have gone up, that the sector is dealing with materials price inflation.

    We’ve done everything we can to reduce costs in our economy.

    From the 10.7% inflation rate in the final 3 months of last year, the CPI is now down considerably in August and projected to fall further.

    But whatever the final rate for 2023, the imperative remains that we need you to innovate to drive cost reductions and deliver as much carbon stores for as little money as possible.

    In the longer-term, CCUS will not be successful unless we can demonstrate that the industry is self-sustaining.

    And we can do that together, building on the strong partnership that government and industry have developed over the last few years.

    If you help us to design viable business models, that will give businesses the confidence to invest in them.

    And we know that if these questions can be answered an immense prize is waiting for us.

    We can capture £8 billion of global CCUS turnover by 2050, and create thousands of jobs from the north-east of Scotland to Morecombe Bay, Wales and Humber.

    We can help Britain achieve energy security, so we are no longer at the whims of foreign regimes.

    And we can make an immense contribution to Britain achieving its carbon targets, and helping carbon-intensive industries join the green energy revolution.

    Without a doubt, carbon capture and storage stands among the most exciting and effective ways in which Britain can lead in tackling climate change.

    And ultimately, it’s the people in this room who have the capacity to make it happen.

    So let’s make it happen together.

    Thank you.

  • Rory Stewart – 2015 Speech on Hedgehog Preservation

    Rory Stewart – 2015 Speech on Hedgehog Preservation

    The speech made by Rory Stewart, the then Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, in the House of Commons on 10 November 2015.

    Multa novit vulpes, verum echinus unum magnum, Madam Deputy Speaker.

    Tom Tugendhat (Tonbridge and Malling) (Con): In every happy home is a hedgehog, as the Pashtuns would say. I urge my hon. Friend to encourage our Pashtun community in this country to follow that example.

    Rory Stewart: I am very grateful for that Pushtun intervention, but my hon. Friend refers, of course, to the Asian variety of the hedgehog rather than the western hedgehog, which is the subject of our discussion today.

    The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.

    I am extremely pleased to have the opportunity to respond to my hon. Friend the Member for Plymouth, Sutton and Devonport (Oliver Colvile). I believe that this is the first time that Parliament has discussed hedgehogs since 1566, when the subject was famously raised in relation to the attribution of a bounty of tuppence for the collection of the hedgehog throughout the United Kingdom.

    The hedgehog has undergone an extraordinary evolution. The year 1566 seems very recent, but the hedgehog was around before then. It was around before this Parliament. The hedgehog, and its ancestor, narrowly missed being crushed under the foot of Tyrannosaurus rex. The hedgehog was around long before the human species: it existed 56 million years ago. It tells us a great deal about British civilisation that my hon. Friend has raised the subject, because the hedgehog is a magical creature. It is a creature that appears on cylinder seals in Sumeria, bent backwards on the prows of Egyptian ships. The hedgehog has of course a famous medicinal quality taken by the Romany people for baldness and it represents a symbol of the resurrection found throughout Christian Europe.

    This strange animal was known, of course, in Scotland, Wales and Ireland originally in Gaelic as that demonic creature, that horrid creature, and is the hedgehog celebrated by Shakespeare:

    “Thorny hedgehogs, be not seen…

    Come not near our faerie queen”,

    and famously of course in “Richard III” there is that great moment when Gloucester is referred to as a hedgehog. It tells us something about Britain today; it represents a strange decline in British civilisation from a notion of this magical, mystical, terrifying creature to where it is today, and I refer of course to my own constituent, the famous cleanliness representative of Penrith and The Border, Mrs Tiggy-Winkle.

    I want to be serious for a moment. The hedgehog is of course an important environmental indicator, with its habitat, its ability to occupy 30 hectares of land, and its particular relationship to the hibernaculum, by which I mean the hedgehog’s ability, almost uniquely among animals in the United Kingdom, to go into a state of genuine hibernation. Its heartbeat goes from 240 a minute to only two a minute for six months a year. It has a particular diet—a focus on grubs and beetles. The street hedgehog initiative, which my hon. Friend has brought forward, reminds us that, by cutting holes in the bottom of our hedges, we can create again an opportunity for hedgehogs to move.

    The hedgehog provides a bigger lesson for us in our environment—first, a lesson in scientific humility. The hedgehog has of course been studied for over 2,000 years. The first scientific reference to the hedgehog is in Aristotle; he is picked up again by Isidore of Seville in the 8th century and again by Buffon in the 18th century, and these are reminders of the ways in which we get hedgehogs wrong. Aristotle points out that the hedgehog carries apples on his spine into his nest. Isidore of Seville argues that the hedgehog travels with grapes embedded on his spine. Buffon believes these things might have been food for the winter, but as we know today the hedgehog, hibernating as he does, is not a creature that needs to take food into his nest for the winter.

    Again, our belief in Britain that the five teeth of the hedgehog represent the reaction of the sinful man to God—the five excuses that the sinful man makes to God—is subverted by our understanding that the hedgehog does not have five teeth. Finally, the legislation introduced in this House, to my great despair, in 1566 which led to the bounty of a tuppence on a hedgehog was based on a misunderstanding: the idea that the hedgehog fed on the teats of a recumbent cow in order to feed itself on milk. This led to the death of between of half a million and 2 million hedgehogs between 1566 and 1800, a subject John Clare takes forward in a poem of 1805 and which led my own Department, the Ministry of Agriculture, in 1908 to issue a formal notice to farmers encouraging them not to believe that hedgehogs take milk from the teats of a recumbent cow, because of course the hedgehog’s mouth is too small to be able to perform this function.

    But before we mock our ancestors, we must understand this is a lesson for us. The scientific mistakes we made in the past about the hedgehog are mistakes that we, too, may be mocked for in the future. We barely understand this extraordinary creature. We barely understand for example its habit of self-anointing; we will see a hedgehog produce an enormous amount of saliva and throw it over its back. We do not understand why it does that. We do not really understand its habit of aestivation, which is to say the hedgehog which my hon. Friend referred to—the Pushto version of the hedgehog—hibernates in the summer as well as the winter. We do not understand that concept of aestivation.

    For those of us interested in environmental management, the hedgehog also represents the important subject of conflict in habitats. The habitat that suits the hedgehog is liminal land: it is edge land, hedgerows and dry land. The hedgehog is not an animal that flourishes in many of our nature reserves. It does not do well in peatland or in dense, heavy native woodland. The things that prey on the hedgehog are sometimes things that we treasure. My hon. Friend mentioned badgers.

    Rebecca Pow: Does the Minister agree that the successful survival of our hedgehog population is a direct reflection of how healthy and sustainable our environment is? It is important that we should look after the environment, because the knock-on effect of that will be that our hedgehog population will be looked after.

    Rory Stewart: That is an important point. The hedgehog is a generalist species, and traditionally we have not paid much attention to such species. We have been very good at focusing on specialist species, such as the redshank, which requires a particular kind of wet habitat. The hedgehog is a more challenging species for us to take on board.

    As I was saying, the hedgehog is a good indicator for hedgerow habitat, although it is not much use for peatland or wetland. The hedgehog raises some important environmental questions. One is the question of conflict with the badger. Another is the question of the hedgehog in the western isles, which relates to the issue of the hedgehog’s potential predation on the eggs of the Arctic tern.

    Patrick Grady (Glasgow North) (SNP): On the point about the hedgehog in the western isles, we have established that hedgehogs are a devolved matter. My hon. Friend the Member for Na h-Eileanan an Iar (Mr MacNeil) is not in the Chamber at the moment. Scottish Natural Heritage is doing careful work to humanely remove hedgehogs from the Hebrides, and it would be interesting to hear how the UK Government intend to support that work.

    Rory Stewart: This is an important reminder that things that matter enormously to our civilisation, our society and our hearts—such as the hedgehog—have to be in the right place. In New Zealand, hedgehogs are considered an extremely dangerous invasive species that has to be removed for the same reasons that people in Scotland are having to think about controlling them there. It does not matter whether we are talking about badgers, hedgehogs or Arctic terns—it is a question of what place they should occupy.

    Finally—and, I think, more positively—what the hedgehog really represents for us is an incredible symbol of citizen science. The energy that my hon. Friend the Member for Plymouth, Sutton and Devonport has brought to the debate is a great example of British, or perhaps English, eccentricity, and it is on the basis of English eccentricity that our habitat has been preserved. Gilbert White, the great 18th century naturalist, was himself an immense eccentric. It has been preserved thanks to eccentrics such as my hon. Friend and, perhaps most famously of all, Hugh Warwick, the great inspiration behind the British Hedgehog Preservation Society. He has written no fewer than three books on the hedgehog, and he talks very movingly about staring into the eyes of a hedgehog and getting a sense of its wildness from its gaze. These enthusiasts connect the public to nature, sustain our 25-year environment programme and contribute enormously to our scientific understanding of these animals. This is true in relation to bees, to beavers and in particular to Hugh Warwick’s work on hedgehogs. I am also pleased that the hon. Member for East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow (Dr Cameron) mentioned national hedgehog day in an earlier intervention.

    Ultimately, we need to understand that the hedgehog is a very prickly issue. The reason for that is that my hon. Friend the Member for Plymouth, Sutton and Devonport has raised the question of adopting the hedgehog as our national symbol. Some hon. Members will remember that the hedgehog was used by Saatchi & Saatchi in an advertising campaign for the Conservative party in 1992 general election. We should therefore pay tribute to the hedgehog’s direct contribution to our election victory in that year. But I would like to challenge my hon. Friend’s assertion that the hedgehog should become our national symbol. I ask you, Madam Deputy Speaker, as I ask those on both sides of this House, because this question concerns not only one party, but all of us: do we want to have as our national symbol an animal which when confronted with danger rolls over into a little ball and puts its spikes up? Do we want to have as our national symbol an animal that sleeps for six months of the year? Or would we rather return to the animal that is already our national symbol? I refer, of course, to the lion, which is majestic, courageous and proud.

    If I may finish with a little testimony to my hon. Friend and to those innocent creatures which are hedgehogs, perhaps I can reach back to them not as a symbol for our nation but as a symbol of innocence to Thomas Hardy. He says:

    “When the hedgehog travels furtively over the lawn,

    One may say, ‘He strove that such innocent creatures should come to no harm,

    But he could do little for them; and now he is gone.’

    If, when hearing that I have been stilled at last, they stand at the door,

    Watching the full-starred heavens that winter sees,

    Will this thought rise on those who will meet my face no more,

    ‘He was one who had an eye for such mysteries’?

    Madam Deputy Speaker (Mrs Eleanor Laing): I paused because I wanted to encourage some more positive noises for the Minister, who has just made one of the best speeches I have ever heard in this House.