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  • PRESS RELEASE : The United Kingdom supports efforts, led by the US, to secure a just and lasting peace in Ukraine: UK statement at the UN Security Council [December 2025]

    PRESS RELEASE : The United Kingdom supports efforts, led by the US, to secure a just and lasting peace in Ukraine: UK statement at the UN Security Council [December 2025]

    The press release issued by the Foreign Office on 9 December 2025.

    Statement by Ambassador James Kariuki, UK Chargé d’Affaires to the UN, at the Security Council meeting on Ukraine.

    Yesterday, my Prime Minister hosted President Zelenskyy, President Macron and Chancellor Merz in London for talks in which we recommitted our support to safeguarding Ukraine’s long-term security, sovereignty, and prosperity. The United Kingdom supports efforts, led by the US, to secure a just and lasting peace in Ukraine, including robust security guarantees, in line with the principles of the UN Charter. 

    This is a war that President Putin started and could, if he wished, end at any time by ceasing his full-scale invasion. We continue to hope that Russia will engage seriously with peace talks. But, despite the genuine efforts of partners to mediate, Russia’s campaign against Ukraine has only intensified in its brutality.

    The facts speak for themselves. Between 18 November and 4 December, Russia launched nearly 3,000 drones and over 110 missiles at Ukrainian cities. This is a repeated pattern of Russian behaviour, while President Putin claims he is engaging in good faith in peace talks.

    Since rejecting Ukraine’s offer of an immediate and unconditional ceasefire on 11 March, Russia has killed over 1,850 Ukrainian civilians. And since peace talks began in May, Russia has launched the largest air attacks of the entire war.

    These are not the actions of a country sincerely interested – as President Putin claimed in August – in paving a path towards peace.

    The UN has reported this year that an estimated 12.7 million people in Ukraine need humanitarian support. Russia’s strikes not only directly kill civilians, but worsen a dire humanitarian crisis.

    Since the start of October, Russia has launched nine mass air attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, reducing Ukraine’s energy production capacity by 40% and causing nationwide blackouts lasting up to 16 hours a day. This is a deliberate weaponisation of winter, plunging homes into freezing darkness and putting millions of vulnerable Ukrainian civilians at risk.

    We support President Trump and President Zelenskyy’s efforts to secure a just and lasting peace. How many more civilians have to die before Russia accepts a ceasefire?

  • NEWS STORY : Bradford Drug Gang Jailed After Flooding York with Class A Substances

    NEWS STORY : Bradford Drug Gang Jailed After Flooding York with Class A Substances

    STORY

    A gang from Bradford has been locked up after ruthlessly supplying hard drugs to users in York, leaving a trail of addiction and misery in their wake. The group’s disregard for the harm their criminal enterprise caused was laid bare in court, where judges handed down substantial prison sentences for conspiring to supply Class A drugs.

    The three gang members sent to jail are Haider Arshed (aged 28), Shu-Aiv Mohammed Titre (aged 22) and Oliur Rahman (aged 26). Prosecutors described how the gang organised the supply of heroin and crack cocaine into York, showing a blatant disregard for the damage their actions inflicted on vulnerable people. Rather than seeking honest work, these individuals chose to line their own pockets by feeding addiction and fuelling crime across the community.

    Police carried out a targeted investigation that ultimately dismantled the network, arresting the offenders and gathering evidence of their involvement in distributing dangerous drugs. In sentencing, the court made clear that such behaviour would not be tolerated, highlighting the detrimental impact of drug dealing on public health and safety.

  • NEWS STORY : Council Offices in Kent Attacked After Chaotic Protest by Thugs

    NEWS STORY : Council Offices in Kent Attacked After Chaotic Protest by Thugs

    STORY

    Council offices in Sittingbourne were left damaged and boarded up after a violent protest turned ugly following a heated debate on asylum seekers. Local authorities say the scene deteriorated dramatically when a group of thugs clashed with councillors and security staff, leaving windows smashed and graffiti daubed across the building.

    Eyewitnesses described chaos outside the offices as arguments spilled into vandalism, with eggs thrown at councillors and some demonstrators spitting at officials. Once the council building was targeted, the disorder escalated and police were called in to restore order. The extent of the damage prompted council leaders to secure the premises while investigations continue.

    Leaders condemned the behaviour as completely unjustified, stressing that democratic debate should never be met with violence. They urged anyone with information about those responsible to come forward, as the community reels from an incident that has left a normally peaceful town shocked by thuggish conduct.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Drug dealer sentenced for terrorising neighbour and driver [December 2025]

    PRESS RELEASE : Drug dealer sentenced for terrorising neighbour and driver [December 2025]

    The press release issued by the Attorney General’s Office on 9 December 2025.

    A violent drug dealer who terrorised his neighbour and driver had his sentence increased after the Solicitor General intervened.

    Dale Hamilton (30), from Middlesbrough, had his sentence increased by three years after the Solicitor General referred his case under the Unduly Lenient Sentence scheme.

    The court heard that during 2024 Hamilton ran a drugs line supplying cocaine. When he became aware his neighbour was a former police officer and recovering addict, Hamilton posted cocaine through their letterbox, so he would relapse and order more.

    Hamilton threatened his neighbour with a zombie knife demanding money after he destroyed £500 worth of cocaine after police visited the neighbour for an unrelated matter.

    Hamilton convinced his neighbour to give him a key to their flat before using the social accommodation as his own. Efforts were made to remove Hamilton from the victim’s flat, but Hamilton demanded more money and threatened to kill the neighbour before the victim escaped to emergency accommodation.

    A second man, who worked for Hamilton as his driver, was also terrorised. While on bail for robbery, Hamilton accused the driver of stealing before extorting £160. Hamilton also demanded a further £200 while threatening to assault the driver and shoot his children if he didn’t pay.

    In a Victim Personal Statement, his neighbour said the incident left him feeling vulnerable, anxious and living in fear.

    The Solicitor General Ellie Reeves MP said: 

    Dale Hamilton is a dangerous and violent man, with no consideration of other people. He terrorised his neighbour who was vulnerable and a recovering drug addict before robbing and threatening to kill a second person’s children.

    I welcome the Court of Appeal’s decision to increase Hamilton’s sentence, keeping this dangerous man off our streets.  I would also like to offer my sincere sympathies to his victims who were brave in coming forward.

    On 11 August 2025 at Teesside Crown Court, Dale Hamilton was sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment after he was convicted of two counts of robbery, one count of kidnapping, one count of blackmail and one count supplying class A drugs.

    On 9 December 2025 the Court of Appeal increased the sentence to 13 years.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Partnerships with Azerbaijan and Armenia boosted through Defence Minister Lord Coaker visit [December 2025]

    PRESS RELEASE : Partnerships with Azerbaijan and Armenia boosted through Defence Minister Lord Coaker visit [December 2025]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Defence on 9 December 2025.

    Defence Minister Lord Vernon Coaker visits Armenia and Azerbaijan, boosting defence ties.

    • Lord Coaker visited Armenia and Azerbaijan this week with engagements focussed around boosting regional security
    • UK opens new Defence Section in Yerevan, Armenia

    The UK’s partnerships with Armenia and Azerbaijan were boosted this week as Defence Minister Lord Coaker visited the region to discuss peace, stability and prosperity in the South Caucasus.

    The visit by Lord Coaker follows the UK’s commitment in the summer to strengthen our relationships with Armenia and Azerbaijan to Strategic Partnerships, with defence cooperation at the forefront.

    Defence Minister Lord Coaker said:

    As the threats we face increase, our partnerships are becoming more important than ever. The UK is working with Azerbaijan and Armenia to support peace and prosperity in the South Caucasus.

    In an increasingly uncertain world, it is partnerships like these, built on mutual respect and shared values, that will endure.

    This year, the UK appointed its first resident Defence Attachés to Azerbaijan and Armenia and announced the full lifting of the UK arms embargo on both countries.

    In Azerbaijan, Lord Coaker met with His Excellency President Ilham Aliyev, Minister of Defence of The Republic of Azerbaijan Colonel General Zakir Hasanov, and the Minister of Defence Industry of the Republic of Azerbaijan Vugar Mustafayev. Discussions explored opportunities to further develop the UK-Azerbaijan defence and security partnership.

    Lord Coaker attended the graduation ceremony of a British Military Training Course held at the Azerbaijan Army Training and Education Centre. Participants of the intensive four-week course were coached and mentored by British and Czech instructors in accordance with UK’s approach to ‘Defence Train the Trainer Course’.

    Lord Coaker also visited the Alley of Martyrs and Commonwealth War Memorial to pay his respects to those killed by the Soviet Army during Black January 1990 and in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War of 1988–1994.

    In Armenia, Lord Coaker opened the UK’s first permanent Defence Section in Yerevan, demonstrating the UK’s long-term commitment to supporting Armenia’s security, sovereignty and defence capabilities.

    Meeting with Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and Defence Minister Suren Papikyan, Lord Coaker discussed deepening defence cooperation and supporting Armenia’s defence reform and modernisation efforts.

    Lord Coaker also paid tribute at the Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Memorial and visited the Vazgen Sargsyan Defence Academy, where he met with military instructors and cadets.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Update on Independent Inquiry into Grooming Gangs [December 2025]

    PRESS RELEASE : Update on Independent Inquiry into Grooming Gangs [December 2025]

    The press release issued by the Home Office on 9 December 2025.

    Baroness Anne Longfield CBE has been appointed to chair the Independent Inquiry into Grooming Gangs as part of a 3-person panel appointed under the Inquiries Act, finally getting answers for victims and survivors.  

    Longfield, a former Children’s Commissioner appointed in 2015 under the previous government, will be part of a 3-person panel. The three, appointed under the Inquiries Act, will investigate how young people were failed time and again by the very people who should have protected them. Longfield will work alongside Zoë Billingham CBE and Eleanor Kelly CBE as panellists.

    Longfield will instigate and direct local investigations in areas where it is suspected serious failures occurred, including Oldham. These will examine the actions of the police, councils, social services and other agencies, both locally and nationally, making sure any wrongdoing or cover-ups are brought to light and holding those responsible to account. Any evidence and findings from the inquiry that could support putting perpetrators behind bars will be passed to the police.  

    The statutory inquiry will have full legal powers under the Inquiries Act to compel witnesses to give evidence, require organisations to hand over documents and records, and make recommendations, both locally and nationwide, to make sure nothing like this happens again.  

    It has also been confirmed that the inquiry will focus exclusively on grooming gangs and explicitly ask how ethnicity, religion and cultural factors impacted both the response from authorities and the perpetrators themselves. The government has committed £65 million to the inquiry and it must not take longer than 3 years, putting a stop to victims waiting endlessly for answers. The draft terms of reference will now be consulted on before being finalised by March. 

    Together the 3 panellists have extensive experience in championing children’s rights, holding policing to account and navigating local government systems. These 3 appointments reflect Baroness Casey’s recommendation that the inquiry be led by a panel of experts across the critical disciplines. 

    Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood said: 

    For years, the victims of these awful crimes were ignored. First abused by vile predators, they then found themselves belittled and even blamed, when it was justice they were owed. 

    Today, I have announced the Chair and panel of an inquiry which will shine a bright light on this dark moment in our history.     

    They will do so alongside the victims of these awful crimes who have waited for too long to see justice done.     

    This inquiry is theirs, not ours. So I call on all those present to put politics aside, for a moment, and to support this Chair and her panel in the pursuit of the truth.

    Baroness Anne Longfield CBE brings 4 decades of experience in children’s advocacy and safeguarding and was recommended by Baroness Casey, who has supported the set-up of the inquiry and has agreed to be an adviser to the inquiry for as long as is needed. 

    Longfield will be supported by Zoë Billingham CBE and Eleanor Kelly CBE as panellists, who have extensive experience in holding policing to account and local government systems. These 3 appointments reflect Baroness Casey’s recommendation that the inquiry be led by a panel of experts across the critical disciplines. 

    The panellists will work directly with victims and survivors throughout the investigation, ensuring their experiences are at the heart of the inquiry and that investigations are victim-centred and trauma-informed. 

    This comes amid a swathe of other activity announced by the government to tackle grooming gangs, including announcing a further £3.6 million to be invested into the policing response. 

    Baroness Longfield CBE said: 

    I am honoured to be asked to undertake this important role by the Home Secretary. 

    The findings in Baroness Casey’s report were truly shocking, and I recognise that behind every heinous crime is a person, a child, a teenager, a family. I will never lose sight of this. 

    The inquiry owes it to the victims, survivors and the wider public to identify the truth, address past failings and ensure that children and young people today are protected in a way that others were not. The inquiry will follow the evidence and will not shy away from difficult or uncomfortable truths wherever we find them. I am pleased to be working alongside Zoë Billingham CBE and Eleanor Kelly CBE as expert panellists in championing children’s rights, holding policing to account and local government systems.

    The scourge of grooming gangs has not been adequately tackled over past decades. That must change and I will do everything in my power to make this happen. I am grateful to Baroness Casey for agreeing to act as adviser during the inquiry to ensure it stays true to this promise. 

    Baroness Louise Casey, adviser to the inquiry, said: 

    Baroness Longfield, Zoë Billingham and Eleanor Kelly have long-standing track records in advocating for children, holding police forces to account and leading on critical social issues. Together, they make a formidable team and have my full support. 

    I will continue to work closely with the government to ensure the successful delivery of all my recommendations. Only by righting the wrongs of the past through the national criminal investigation, delivering this national inquiry and reforming our rape laws to make it unequivocally clear that children cannot consent to their abuse, can we truly draw a line in the sand.

    A statutory inquiry was a key recommendation in Baroness Casey’s recent audit into grooming gangs, which exposed serious failings in how institutions responded to child sexual exploitation. It forms part of the government’s Plan for Change commitment to halve violence against women and girls, ensure safer streets and protect the most vulnerable in our communities.  

    In the 6 months since the government accepted all of Baroness Casey’s recommendations, significant progress has been made.  

    Hundreds of previously closed investigations into abuse and exploitation are being reviewed as part of a national police operation, Operation Beaconport, focused on bringing more perpetrators to justice and getting justice for victims and survivors. The inquiry will also work closely with this police operation and any evidence or findings they uncover that could lead to a criminal charge will be passed to the police.   

    The government will also bring in an automatic disregard scheme for “child prostitution” convictions and cautions, so that survivors can get on with their lives free from unjust criminalisation and stigma.

    A further almost £3.75 million will be invested into the policing response, support for survivors and research into how to stop grooming gangs, with: 

    • nearly £1 million for the National Crime Agency to support Operation Beaconport, with a further £2.6 million for local police forces to review closed cases identified
    • £146,000 for a rapid assessment of Independent Sexual Violence Advisor (ISVAs) services, to identify any gaps in services for supporting child victims of grooming gangs and technology-assisted sexual offences

    The Home Secretary has commissioned new research from UK Research and Innovation to rectify the unacceptable gaps in our understanding of perpetrators’ backgrounds and motivations, including their ethnicity and religion.

    This investment shows the government’s unwavering commitment to tackling group-based child sexual exploitation on multiple fronts – investigating past crimes and cover-ups, finding and prosecuting offenders, and preventing future abuse. 

  • PRESS RELEASE : Joint G7 Finance Ministers’ Statement [December 2025]

    PRESS RELEASE : Joint G7 Finance Ministers’ Statement [December 2025]

    The press release issued by HM Treasury on 9 December 2025.

    The G7 Finance Ministers met virtually on 8 December 2025.

    We, the G7 Finance Ministers, held a virtual meeting on 8 December 2025, together with the Heads of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank Group (WBG), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and Financial Stability Board (FSB). We were also joined by Canada’s Minister of Energy and Natural Resources and Finance Ministers, or their representatives, from Australia, Chile, Mexico, India, and the Republic of Korea for parts of the meeting.

    We welcomed the recent announcements at the G7 Energy and Environment Ministers’ Meeting that seek to secure resilient supply chains for critical minerals. Stable and reliable supply chains are essential to drive economic growth and security, and we will continue to collaborate with international allies and industry partners to reduce single-source dependencies and strengthen our economic resilience. We look forward to further discussions on how we can create a high standards market that will secure our supply chains.

    We agreed that the use of non-market policies and practices to disrupt critical minerals supply chains can have significant negative global macroeconomic consequences. They can increase price volatility and undermine global growth prospects and stability, competitiveness and national and economic security. We expressed deep concern with the application of export controls on critical mineral supply chains and committed to work together to diversify and derisk supply chains.

    Reaffirming the G7’s unwavering support for Ukraine in defending its territorial integrity and right to exist and its freedom, sovereignty and independence, we welcomed an update from the IMF on the situation in the country and the newly announced Staff Level Agreement. We will continue to work together to develop a wide range of financing options to support Ukraine, including potentially using the full value of the Russian Sovereign Assets, immobilized in our jurisdictions until reparations are paid for by Russia, to end the war and ensure a just and lasting peace in Ukraine. Our action will remain consistent with our respective legal frameworks. We will continue to support the Ukrainian authorities’ commitment to implement reforms, notably addressing informality, tackling corruption, and improving governance including in the state-owned enterprise sector. Together with other partners, we stand ready to support a new IMF program. We also stand ready to amplify the pressure on Russia should peace talks fail. We agreed on the importance of maintaining Ukraine at the top of the G7 agenda under France’s upcoming G7 presidency.  

    We agreed on the importance of strengthening G7 coordination with international partners and will continue to enhance our collective security and resilience.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Her Honour Anne Molyneux MBE appointed Vice Chair of the Parole Board [December 2025]

    PRESS RELEASE : Her Honour Anne Molyneux MBE appointed Vice Chair of the Parole Board [December 2025]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 9 December 2025.

    The Secretary of State has approved the appointment of Her Honour Anne Molyneux MBE as the Vice Chair of the Parole Board.

    The Secretary of State for Justice has approved the appointment of Her Honour Anne Molyneux MBE as a judicial member of the Parole Board for a 5-year term from 6 December 2025. In addition, the Chair of the Parole Board, Alexandra Marks CBE, has designated Her Honour Anne Molyneux MBE as the Board’s Vice Chair.

    The Vice Chair will be expected to share in the leadership and governance of the Parole Board.

    The Parole Board is an Executive Non-Departmental Public Body sponsored by the Ministry of Justice (MOJ). It works with its criminal justice partners to protect the public by risk assessing prisoners to decide whether they can be safely released into the community. It was established by the Criminal Justice Act 1967.

    Appointments and re-appointments to the Parole Board (with the exception of Judicial members) are regulated by the Commissioner for Public Appointments.

    Biography

    Her Honour Anne Molyneux MBE was a Circuit Judge from 2007 to 2017; a Senior Circuit Judge, Central Criminal Court, from 2017 to 2022; and a Deputy High Court Judge, from 2013 until 2022. She also sat as an Additional Judge in the Court of Appeal Criminal Division. She was admitted as a solicitor in 1983 and was a Recorder from 2000 until 2007. In 2024 she was appointed as a trustee and member of the Board of the Access to Justice Foundation as the nominee of the Lady Chief Justice. She was an Independent member for the Parole Board (2003 – 2007) and later a Judicial member (2010 – 2019).

  • PRESS RELEASE : Mark Hamilton appointed as member of the Prison Service Pay Review Body [December 2025]

    PRESS RELEASE : Mark Hamilton appointed as member of the Prison Service Pay Review Body [December 2025]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 9 December 2025.

    The Secretary of State for Justice has announced the appointment of Mark Hamilton as member of the Prison Service Pay Review Body.

    Mark Hamilton’s appointment will be for a tenure of 5 years from 1 December 2025 to 30 November 2030.

    The PSPRB provides the government with independent advice on the remuneration of operational prison staff in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, as set out in The Prison Service (Pay Review Body) Regulations 2001 (SI 2001 No. 1161).   

    Appointments to the PSPRB are regulated by the Commissioner for Public Appointments and comply with the Governance Code on Public Appointments. This appointment has been made in line with the Commissioner’s Code of Practice for Ministerial Appointments to Public Bodies.

    Public appointments to the PSPRB are made by the Prime Minister.

    Mark Hamilton Biography:

    Mark Hamilton’s career in policing began in 1994 with the Royal

    Ulster Constabulary. He became the Deputy Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland in January 2020.

    Mark’s tenure included significant responsibilities such as overseeing operational policing, professional standards and leading police reform in Northern Ireland. He was recognised with the title of Office of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in the 2019 Birthday Honours.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Government crackdown on rogue university franchises [December 2025]

    PRESS RELEASE : Government crackdown on rogue university franchises [December 2025]

    The press release issued by the Department for Education on 9 December 2025.

    Education Secretary announces reforms to tighten rules on fraud in the student finance system that cost taxpayers £2m in 2022/23.

    Students and taxpayers will have greater confidence in higher education as tough new reforms through our Plan for Change tighten controls on university franchising arrangements and make sure public money is used as intended, shoring up the reputation of our world-class sector.

    Franchiser providers with 300 or more students will soon face mandatory regulation by the Office for Students and be required to meet the same standards as universities or be completely cut off from accessing student loan funding in 2028/29. 

    Franchising allows universities to subcontract teaching to other organisations—such as colleges or private training providers delivering specialist courses like health or business. When done well, it can widen access, however rapid growth and inconsistent oversight that this government inherited have left parts of the system open to abuse.

    The government is determined to ensure every student receives high-quality education, with the new measures putting students and their outcomes before profits as regulators could face fines or suspension of their registration if they have concerns about poor-quality provision, financial exploitation, or fraudulent practices. 

    This poor practice has real consequences for young people’s futures and cost £2 million to the public purse in 2022/23 alone.

    As part of the crack down, Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson will write to all providers setting out the changes and warning that poor-quality or exploitative arrangements must be cleaned up or closed down.

    Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson said: 

    Too many rogue operators have treated students as a route to fast cash, not as people investing in their future.  

    Those days are over. If you use public money, you will be held accountable and face proper scrutiny. 

    Our higher education sector is one of Britain’s greatest strengths. Through our Plan for Change we are determined to protect its reputation, putting students first and making sure every pound from the public purse is well spent.

    The number of students at franchised providers has more than doubled in five years, with nearly sixty percent taught at providers not directly regulated by the Office for Students.

    With students on franchised courses currently far more likely to drop out and far less likely to progress into work or further study. Just three-quarters complete their courses – compared with almost nine in ten across the rest of the sector. 

    These measures will crackdown on courses where there are clear signs of exploitation, such as admitting students who are unlikely to succeed – for example, those with very poor English language skills or students who have low attendance rates and those who are using their place at the provider purely to access public money.  

    These robust reforms come as the Government publishes the outcomes of its consultation, proposing measures to strengthen oversight of higher education franchising. Regulations to enable the changes to HE franchising will be laid before Parliament in Spring 2026. 

    These reforms will work alongside tougher OfS registration conditions on management and governance standards, stronger system controls to prevent fraud, and cross-government work led by the Public Sector Fraud Authority.

    Measures outlined in the Post-16 White paper to lift quality, shut down poor practice, and tighten controls on public money to ensure a higher education system that provides quality for all students regardless of where they study as part of our Plan for Change. 

    Vivienne Stern MBE, Chief Executive of Universities UK said:

    It is vital that franchise provision is underpinned by high and robust standards and we support this step, which will help to protect the higher education sector’s world-renowned reputation for quality.  

    UUK’s members have been taking extensive actions to tighten controls, and we have long championed the introduction of measures requiring franchise partners to register with the OfS.

    The Office for Students is also strengthening its own regulatory regime for franchising, including tougher initial registration conditions on governance and the management of public money, publishing annual data on outcomes for franchised students, and consulting on new requirements for universities overseeing franchise partnerships. 

    Office for Students, Director of Regulation, Philippa Pickford said:

    Today’s announcement will help ensure students studying under subcontractual arrangements are getting a high quality higher education, as well as giving taxpayers confidence that public funding is being used appropriately.

    We have been raising concerns about poor practices that have been exposed in some subcontractual arrangements for some time, and plan to announce a response to our own consultation on subcontractual arrangements in higher education in early 2026.

    This summer, we also announced reforms to our registration process that will allow us to register institutions that will deliver high quality higher education and treat their students fairly.

    Ministers will also legislate, when parliamentary time allows, to give the OfS stronger powers to act quickly where quality is compromised or public money is at risk, ensuring problems in franchised provision can be dealt with more rapidly in future.