Tag: Ministry of Justice

  • PRESS RELEASE : Consultation on tougher sentences for knife and domestic killers [November 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : Consultation on tougher sentences for knife and domestic killers [November 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 27 November 2023.

    A consultation looking at whether cowardly domestic killers should receive tougher sentences if they subject their victims to a campaign of coercive and controlling abuse, has been launched by the Lord Chancellor today.

    • Public conversation launched on reforming murder sentencing
    • Consultation to consider raising starting points for killings with a history of coercive and controlling abuse or with a weapon
    • Move latest step in Government’s plan to tackle domestic abuse and violence against women and girls

    Ministers will also consider whether murderers who use a knife or another weapon already at the crime scene to kill should also face steeper starting points – a change that could result in higher minimum terms in these cases.

    Every year, around 90 people – overwhelmingly women – are killed by their current or ex-partner, with most of these murders taking place in the home. And when a weapon is used – often a kitchen knife – it is normally already at the scene.

    This means that although weapons are used, these offences generally do not qualify for a higher starting point – with a discrepancy of up to ten years compared with murders where a weapon is taken to the scene.

    Lord Chancellor and Justice Secretary Alex Chalk said:

    “It is shocking that around 1 in 4 murders are committed by a current or former partner, or relative.

    This Government has already gone further than ever to protect women and girls, with tough new protection orders plus laws to ensure abusers and killers spend longer behind bars.

    To make sure sentencing policy is meeting the threat, it is right to review this complex landscape so that the scourge of violence against women is tackled as coherently and effectively as possible.

    Currently, when a knife or other weapon is taken to the murder scene with intent, the starting point is 25 years. This reflects the increased risk to the public when knives are carried on the streets. Where a knife is used, but not taken to the scene, a 15-year starting point normally applies.

    Campaigners on this issue include Carole Gould and Julie Devey, whose daughters Ellie Gould and Poppy Devey Waterhouse were killed by their former partners using knives found in the home.

    Justice Minister, Gareth Bacon, said:

    For some evil people, murder is the brutal final act of a controlling and coercive relationship with their partner. It is only right we look at whether the sentences for these types of killings reflect this sustained and unacceptable abuse.

    This consultation builds on the action we are taking to clamp down on domestic homicide, by introducing new laws to punish abusers with longer jail terms, and better protect victims.

    The consultation reflects the Government’s determination to ensure the sentencing framework for murder properly punishes perpetrators of this horrific crime, while giving victims’ families the justice they deserve.

    In response to Clare Wade’s landmark independent review of sentencing in cases of domestic homicide, the Government has introduced a raft of measures to ensure sentences reflect the seriousness of the crime.

    This includes the introduction of new legislation which will make:

    • “Overkill” and previous controlling or coercive behaviour by the murderer a statutory aggravating factor resulting in longer sentences
    • A history of controlling or coercive behaviour a mitigating factor where the perpetrator was subject to this behaviour
    • Killing connected with the end of a relationship a statutory aggravating factor, through the Criminal Justice Bill

    The Domestic Homicide Sentence Review was commissioned in 2021 to examine whether the sentencing framework should be reformed to better reflect the seriousness of domestic homicide and to identify options for improvements.

    It followed a series of high-profile domestic murders and concerns from the then Victims’ Commissioner and Domestic Abuse Commissioner about how these offences are handled by the justice system.

    This is the latest step in the Government’s commitment to be tough to keep the worst offenders locked up.

    The Government has already ended the automatic release of sex and terrorist offenders, brought in a minimum 14-year jail term for anyone convicted of serious terror offences and under the new Sentencing Bill, the most horrific murderers will spend the rest of their lives locked up, including for any murder involving sexual or sadistic conduct, while criminals who commit rape and other serious sexual offences will spend every day of their sentence behind bars.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Modernised laws to secure UK as world leader in dispute resolution [November 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : Modernised laws to secure UK as world leader in dispute resolution [November 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 22 November 2023.

    The UK’s status as a multi-billion-pound global leader in arbitration services will be secured by new legislation introduced to Parliament on 21 November 2023.

    • New Bill to solidify London’s reputation as best location in the world to resolve legal disputes
    • Simpler, faster, more efficient processes a boon to individuals and businesses
    • Arbitration worth more than £2.5 billion to the British economy each year

    The Arbitration Bill will benefit businesses and individuals around the world who look to the UK as the best place to resolve disputes from family law and rent reviews to international commercial contracts and claims by foreign investors made against entire countries.

    Modernising the framework for arbitration in this country for the first time in 26 years – making it quicker, cheaper and more efficient –will cement the position of this high-value sector in the face of growing competition from other centres such as Singapore and Paris.

    With arbitrations in England and Wales worth £2.5 billion to the British economy each year in fees alone, the Bill will help the UK’s world-leading legal services sector to continue to flourish.

    In supporting people and businesses to settle disputes without having to go to court, British arbitrators will save them time and money.

    Justice Minister, Lord Bellamy, said:

    These much-needed changes will modernise the role of arbitrators and further cement our position as a world leader in the field.

    The UK is a globally-respected hub for legal services, with English and Welsh law the bedrock for the majority of international disputes, and the Arbitration Bill will ensure businesses from around the world continue to come here to resolve their disagreements.

    Other countries have already modernised their laws and as a result, the government asked the Law Commission in 2021 to review the Arbitration Act to ensure the UK remains ahead of the curve when it comes to dispute resolution. They consulted extensively before making recommendations to the government which were backed the arbitration sector.

    Accepting the Law Commission’s recommendations in full means arbitrations in this country will remain fair and efficient and will cement the UK’s status and economic benefit as a world leader.

    Changes include:

    • Strengthening the courts’ powers to support emergency arbitration so time-sensitive decisions can be made more easily, such as the preservation of evidence to avoid bad actors destroying key materials.
    • Providing more clarity on the law of arbitration.
    • Simplifying procedures to reduce delays and costs for clients.
    • Protecting arbitrators from unreasonable lawsuits – for example if the arbitrator needs to resign from the case with good reason, to ensure they can make impartial decisions.

    Catherine Dixon, CEO of Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, said:

    We worked very closely with the UK Law Commission and other officials during its review of the Arbitration Act 1996. As the leading professional body for dispute resolvers, we are delighted that the majority of our recommendations were adopted in the Law Commission’s report and, subsequently, the Bill.

    We are pleased that the UK Government has included legislative reform of the Arbitration Act as a key priority in this Parliament, recognising the importance of arbitration to the UK and globally, as the Act forms the basis of legislation in many other jurisdictions.

    Notes to editors

    This Bill will:

    • Empower arbitrators to expedite decisions on issues that have no real prospect of success to make arbitration more efficient.
    • Introduce a duty on arbitrators to tell clients any circumstances which could cast reasonable doubt on their impartiality in deciding an outcome of a dispute.
    • Make clearer which law underpins arbitration agreements so arbitrations which happen in England, Wales, or Northern Ireland are supported by the relevant UK law.
    • Empower the court to make orders supporting the actions of emergency arbitrators to enhance their effectiveness, and make orders in support of arbitral proceedings against third parties (those not involved in the proceedings) to for example preserve evidence or take witness evidence.
    • Extend arbitrator immunity against liability for resignations and the costs of the application to court for their removal, to support arbitrators to make impartial decisions.
    • Simplify court procedures related to arbitration to increase clarity as well as reduce delays and costs for clients.
  • PRESS RELEASE : Vision for the future of civil and family courts and tribunals [November 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : Vision for the future of civil and family courts and tribunals [November 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 20 November 2023.

    Today the Lord Chancellor and senior judiciary launch a shared vision for the future of the civil and family courts and tribunals system.

    People rely on our civil, family and tribunals justice system to protect and enforce their rights. This applies to  individuals with complex needs grappling with debt and housing issues, and to business owners who need to navigate complicated contractual disputes.

    We want to make it easier for people experiencing legal problems to access high quality information and support at the right time and in the right way. This will allow them to understand their options and to take the right steps to prevent their problems from escalating. We will use advances in technology to support delivery of this, including exploring safe and appropriate uses of AI.

    We want to enable people to resolve their problems earlier and at less cost, for example through mediation or online dispute resolution. They should be safe in the knowledge that if this is not successful, it will be straightforward to take the next step of seeking judicial determination through the courts or tribunals. We will encourage and build online and offline connections between different parts of the system to achieve solutions.

    Providing a joined-up process will require the effective and safe transfer of people’s data. We have established the Online Procedure Rule Committee (OPRC) to provide governance and develop data standards for the system. We will support the OPRC to embed these standards with the third and private sector organisations that deliver information, support and dispute resolution services.

    This is a broad and ambitious vision for the future of civil, family and tribunals justice. And we will only deliver it working together with stakeholders across the system. With this collaboration, we will ensure that our justice system supports people from the earliest point they begin to experience a legal problem. It will provide people with the right information and support to understand all their options. It will empower them to resolve their problem in a way that meets their needs and is proportionate to the matter in dispute. A judicial determination provided through our courts and tribunals will always available where necessary.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Thousands more people benefit from free legal support [November 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : Thousands more people benefit from free legal support [November 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 17 November 2023.

    More than 33,000 people have been helped to tackle family, debt and housing issues thanks to over £3 million of government investment in legal support.

    • 33,000 people helped to tackle family, housing and debt problems
    • Over £3 million has helped support more people in need
    • Part of £25 million package of funding to boost legal support since 2015

    This has saved thousands of people the stress and expense of a court hearing, supporting with a total of 36,000 issues over the last 2 years.

    It has offered vital support to people facing issues such as house repossession, managing debt, or seeking help over childcare or custody agreements.

    An evaluation report published today (17 November 2023) shows the majority of those seeking support were women and nearly everyone coming to advisors found the right help.

    The early legal advice led to increased income for those who were directed to help like the carers’ allowances, and people reporting feelings of greater independence and improved wellbeing.

    Justice Minister Lord Bellamy KC said:

    This funding ensures people have somewhere to turn to regardless of their financial circumstances and can avoid stressful court battles.

    Now research shows that not only can early legal advice help people solve their problems quickly, but can also improve their finances and health.

    The Ministry of Justice (MOJ) has provided over £25 million to organisations providing legal support for litigants in person since 2015. The £3.2 million 2 year scheme was launched in 2020 between the MOJ and Access to Justice Foundation.

    Clare Carter, CEO of Access to Justice Foundation, said:

    We are delighted to be continuing our partnership with Ministry of Justice to strive to ensure that people most in need of early legal advice are able to access it.

    We know from legal advice charities across England and Wales how crucial this funding has been to help people access income, preserve employment and secure housing. Demand for these services is increasing by up to 50 percent across the sector, so the needs for these funds has never been more acute.

    The research is published as the Lord Chancellor Alex Chalk speaks at the Civil Justice Council National Forum about the importance of early intervention for those facing legal issues.

    Other activity supported by the government include a partnership between the MOJ and Citizens Advice to deliver the Flourish Wellbeing Hub in the Wirral which provides access to early legal advice alongside healthcare provision to tackle complex or multiple issues in one space.

    The Hub opened in November 2022 and will continue to benefit from a total of £145,000 of MOJ investment up to 2025.

    Social welfare and legal advice is provided through organisations including Citizens Advice, Involve Northwest and Age UK, who can quickly work together with other partners Mind UK and Grow Change Live to identify solutions and provide the right support before problems worsen.

    Reports into supportive initiatives run by the department are published today online here:

    Flourish Wellbeing Hub Report

    Housing Disrepair Online Signposting Tool Report

    Legal Support for Litigants in Person Report

    Integrated Advice Hubs Report

  • PRESS RELEASE : Victims to be protected through Sentencing Reforms [November 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : Victims to be protected through Sentencing Reforms [November 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 14 November 2023.

    Cowardly domestic abusers will continue to face time behind bars under legislation laid in Parliament today which will also see the most horrific murderers face life behind bars and rapists locked up for longer.

    • Sentencing Bill to crackdown on violent offenders
    • Bill will see rapists spend their full custodial sentence in prison and Whole Life Orders for any murder involving sexual or sadistic conduct
    • The reforms to sentencing will also help low risk offenders escape the merry-go-around of short prison terms and turn their lives away from crime
    • Stalkers, abusers, and prolific offenders continue to face time behind bars

    As action is being taken to stop low risk offenders getting stuck in the revolving door of short prison sentences, the Government has confirmed that domestic abusers will continue to face jail, and judges will have full discretion to lock up any tormentor who puts an individual at significant risk of psychological or physical harm.

    Changes to shorter jail stints also won’t apply to those in front of the court for breaching a court order such as a restraining or stalking prevention order. This will keep the safety of women and girls at the heart of the criminal justice system.

    The announcement comes as the Sentencing Bill, which was set out in the King’s Speech, is introduced in the House of Commons.

    As part of this bill, the Government will bring in a raft of measures to better protect the British public from the worst offenders.

    Under the plans, the most heinous murderers will spend the rest of their lives locked up, including for any murder involving sexual or sadistic conduct. With Whole Life Orders being handed down in the worst cases, and judges only able to not impose one in exceptional circumstances, life will mean life.

    The new legislation will also mean rapists and criminals who commit other serious sexual offences spend their full custodial term in prison behind bars, making the average sentence for rape up 50% when the Government came to power in 2010.

    Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice, Alex Chalk KC said:

    “We want domestic abuse victims to know this Government is on their side, so we will do everything possible to protect them from those who cause harm, or threaten to do so.

    “That’s why we are ensuring that judges retain full discretion to hand down prison sentences to domestic abusers  – to give victims the confidence to rebuild their lives knowing their tormentors are safely behind bars.”

    While custody is the only appropriate punishment for the most dangerous and violent offenders, for many, a short time in custody can begin a merry-go-round of reoffending that can devastate communities and leave countless more victims.

    That is why, through the Sentencing Bill, there will be a presumption on the courts to suspend custodial sentences of twelve months or less. This is backed by government statistics which show over 50 per cent of offenders serving a sentence of 12 months or less go on to commit another crime compared to 58 per cent of those serving six months or less.

    Where suspended sentences are given, offenders will be punished in the community, repaying their debt to society by cleaning up our neighbourhoods and scrubbing graffiti off walls. They will also be strictly overseen by the Probation Service and subject to license conditions which could include state-of-the-art electronic monitoring tags and curfews.

    They will also be able to better access drug and alcohol rehab, mental healthcare and other support that properly addresses the root causes of their offending.

    In order to reduce the number of offenders trapped in the revolving prison door, the Sentencing Bill will:

    • Introduce a presumption to suspend prison sentences of 12 months or less in certain circumstances.
    • Expand the use of Home Detention Curfew (HDC) to suitable offenders serving sentences of four years or more.

    Judges will retain their discretion to hand down custodial sentences where they feel it is right in the circumstances of the case.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Tribunal Procedure Committee member appointed [November 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : Tribunal Procedure Committee member appointed [November 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 13 November 2023.

    The Lord Chancellor, after consultation with the Lord Chief Justice, has announced the appointment of Matthew Jackson as member of the Tribunal Procedure Committee.

    The Lord Chancellor has announced the appointment of Matthew Jackson as member of the Tribunal Procedure Committee (TPC) for 3 years from 7 November 2023 to 6 November 2026.

    Mr Jackson was called to the bar in 2011, and practises primarily in employment & discrimination and public law from Cloisters Chambers. He is a member of the Industrial Law Society and Employment Lawyers association and has contributed to the Crown Court Compendium.

    He has declared no political activity.

    The TPC was established, on 19 May 2008, under the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act (TCEA) 2007 to make rules governing practice and procedure in the First-tier and Upper Tribunals. The introduction of the Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022 transferred responsibility for Employment Tribunal and Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) procedure rules to the TPC.

    This appointment is made by the Lord Chancellor,and regulated by the Commissioner for Public Appointments and comply with the Cabinet Office Governance Code on Public Appointments.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Law Commissioner appointed [November 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : Law Commissioner appointed [November 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 7 November 2023.

    The Lord Chancellor has approved the appointment of Professor Alison Young as the Law Commissioner for Public Law and the Law in Wales for 5 years from 18 March 2024.

    The Law Commission was created by the Law Commissions Act 1965 with the role of keeping under review the law of England and Wales with a view to its systematic development and reform. The Law Commission promotes the reform of the law to make it clearer, more modern and more accessible. The Commission’s projects bring real benefits to the public, businesses or other organisations affected by old, complex and out-of-date law.

    Appointments to the Law Commission are made by the Lord Chancellor and are regulated by the Commissioner for Public Appointments. This appointment has been made in line with the Governance Code on Public Appointments.

    Biography

    Professor Young is the Sir David Williams Professor of Public Law at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Robinson College. She is also an academic associate at 39 Essex Chambers and an Emeritus Fellow of Hertford College, Oxford.

    Before joining the University of Cambridge, Professor Young studied for a Law (with French) degree at the University of Birmingham, spending a year at the Université de Limoges. She then completed the BCL and D Phil at Hertford College, University of Oxford. She spent three years as a Tutorial Fellow at Balliol College, Oxford, before returning to Hertford as a Fellow in Law and later Professor of Public Law at the University of Oxford.

    Professor Young has not declared any political activity.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Reappointment to the Youth Justice Board [November 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : Reappointment to the Youth Justice Board [November 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 1 November 2023.

    The Secretary of State for Justice has approved the reappointments of Susannah Hancock, Jacob Sakil, and Louise Shorter as members of the Youth Justice Board.

    The Secretary of State has reappointed Susannah Hancock, Jacob Sakil, and Louise Shorter as members of the Youth Justice Board (YJB) for 3 years from 1 December 2023 until 30 November 2026.

    Susannah Hancock is the Chief Operating Officer for the National Fire Chiefs Council. She was previously Chief Executive of the Association of Police and Crime Commissioners. Before that she was Assistant Chief Executive of Victim Support and Chief Executive of the Office of the Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner in Essex. Between 2004-2008, she served as Head of London for the YJB.

    Jacob Sakil: Since 2017, Jacob has been a passionate advocate for youth social action and community engagement. He is the founder of American Bites start-up, Youth Justice Service representative and sits on the Business in the Community’s (BITC) Place Taskforce supporting the collaborative potential of business to strengthen communities around the UK.

    Louise Shorter is founder and investigator of Inside Justice; a registered charity which investigates alleged miscarriages of justice on behalf of prisoners who maintain their innocence. She is also a Board member of Inside Time; a not-for-profit newspaper for prisoners and an Associate Tutor at the School of Law, University of East Anglia.

    All 3 have not declared any political activity.

    The YJB is a non-departmental public body, responsible for overseeing the youth justice system in England and Wales. Its primary function is to monitor the operation of the youth justice system and the provision of youth justice services.

    Reappointments to the YJB are made by the Secretary of State for Justice and are regulated by the Commissioner for Public Appointments. These reappointments comply with the Cabinet Office Governance Code on Public Appointments.

  • PRESS RELEASE : UK’s leading legal expertise promoted at world’s largest law conference [October 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : UK’s leading legal expertise promoted at world’s largest law conference [October 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 31 October 2023.

    The future of the UK’s legal services in an era of artificial intelligence (AI) were at the heart of discussions at the world’s largest gathering of legal professionals in Paris this week.

    • Justice Minister at world’s biggest legal services event to promote UK expertise
    • Supporting UK-France legal services trade worth almost £400 million annually
    • Expert discussions on future of sector including potential of AI and lawtech

    Justice Minister Mike Freer has spoken about the benefits of AI which is set to transform the work of lawyers and is being spear-headed by the UK’s thriving lawtech industry.

    He took part in sessions during the International Bar Association annual conference to discuss collaboration between UK lawyers and their counterparts around the world.

    The UK legal sector generated over £41 billion in revenue in 2021 and is a key UK export industry.

    This event comes as the UK Government hosts the first global AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park putting the country at the forefront of promoting action on the safe and responsible development of AI. The UK’s twin role leading on lawtech and AI regulation will help futureproof the country’s world-leading legal services sector without compromising on ethics, accuracy, and quality.

    Minister Freer also met Julie Couturier, President of the Paris Bar, and hold talks to help boost trade in legal services between the UK and France which totalled close to £400 million in 2021.

    Justice Minister Mike Freer said:

    Our thriving legal services market allows us to take our expertise to countries all over the world and brings in billions of pounds to our economy every year.

    It is a hugely important area alongside our trailblazing lawtech sector and the conference offers a fantastic opportunity show the world how the UK is harnessing AI technology in law.

    Minister Freer spoke at the conference, highlighting the continued importance of using English and Welsh law in contracts around the world, the benefits of international legal collaboration, and how to improve global partnerships between legal firms, governments, and regulatory bodies.

    He was accompanied by a delegation of UK legal experts organised by the Ministry of Justice’s GREAT Legal Services campaign, marking the latest in a series of events to promote the UK’s thriving legal services sector internationally.

    This engagement follows a meeting between Lord Chancellor and Justice Secretary Alex Chalk and French Justice Minister, Eric Dupond Moretti, this summer and wider work to promote UK legal services through GREAT activity.

    The GREAT Legal Services campaign was launched in 2017 to promote and support the strength of English and Welsh Law, the UK’s world-renowned independent judiciary, and our legal expertise to the global market.

    The International Bar Association conference is the legal sector’s largest international event, with more than 5,000 attendees expected from law firms, governments, and regulators globally.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Barrister fee increase to help vulnerable victims bring attackers to justice [October 2023]

    PRESS RELEASE : Barrister fee increase to help vulnerable victims bring attackers to justice [October 2023]

    The press release issued by the Ministry of Justice on 25 October 2023.

    Fees for barristers who help vulnerable witnesses and victims to pre-record a cross examination will rise to £1,000, the government announced today (25 October 2023).

    • fees for barristers working on pre-recorded evidence increased to £1,000
    • pre-record helps victims of rape and sexual assault give best evidence sooner
    • allows more people give testimony to bring more rapists and abusers to justice

    The recording takes place as close to the time of the offence as possible, while memories remain fresh, and helps victims avoid the stress of giving evidence in a live trial setting, which many find traumatic.

    This fee increase seeks to increase the number of barristers available for such hearings to reduce victim dropout rates and bring more rape and sexual assault cases to trial.

    research report published in April found that rape victims who pre-record their evidence are more likely to have a better experience of the court process and find it less intimidating. It also meant they were able to access vital support services earlier, such as therapy, without fear that it could be used against them in cross-examination.

    The government is determined to stamp out appalling crimes such as rape and domestic abuse and has launched an action plan to overhaul the criminal justice system to transform support for victims, drive up prosecutions and ensure cases are investigated fully. All three ambitions in this plan have been met eighteen months ahead of schedule, restoring the number of police referrals to the CPS, CPS charges and cases reaching the Crown Court to 2016 levels.

    Lord Chancellor and Justice Secretary, Alex Chalk, said:

    Boosting payments for this work will help more sexual violence victims testify earlier, away from the full glare of a courtroom.

    It’s the latest step in our ongoing work to further increase the number of rape victims getting support and justice.

    Pre-recording of evidence allows victims and witnesses of crimes such as rape and modern slavery to have their cross-examination video-recorded and played later during trial. This is subject to a successful application to the court.

    Fees were originally set at £670 in January when the government announced barristers would receive advance payments for work on pre-recorded evidence and for any wasted preparation for the first time.

    This increase comes after an agreed review and as part of the ongoing work with the professional bodies under the new Criminal Legal Aid Advisory Board, chaired by Her Honour Deborah Taylor.

    Government investment in the criminal legal aid system is expected to reach £1.2 billion a year, after the recent 15 per cent uplift in barrister fees and fees for most solicitors. This includes:

    • police station work, including pre-charge engagement
    • magistrates’ court work, including youth court
    • Criminal Cases Review Commission work
    • advocates’ graduated fees
    • expert fees

    The fee rise will come into effect as soon as possible when parliamentary time allows.

    Note to editors

    Fees are increasing from £670 (+VAT) to £1,000 (+VAT)