Tag: Foreign Office

The 7th Year of the Arbitral Victory: Defending the West Philippine Sea, the Indo-Pacific, and the Rules-Based Order

UK Promoting Reliable Partnerships in the Indo-Pacific Region

Good morning ladies and gentlemen.  It is a pleasure to be here today, alongside such distinguished speakers, on the day of the 7th anniversary of the 2016 arbitral award, to discuss the UK’s perspective and role on the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific in general and the South China Sea, in particular.

This is, of course, a very important and timely conference. For us – it comes on the back of the UK-Philippines Joint Defence Committee that was held last week, co-chaired by our MOD and the Philippines’s DND. And just two months before in February, we had our inaugural face-to-face UK/Philippines Maritime Dialogue. Both demonstrate how seriously we are taking our relationship with the Philippines on these matters.

And it comes as the NATO Summit is happening in Vilnius. This historic summit reminds us how much we value our shared security and our allies. It sends a strong signal to all those that are watching that the resolve of those that stand up to blatant violations of international law is stronger than ever. And it is a demonstration that the security of the Indo-Pacific and that of the Euro-Atlantic are increasingly intertwined.

Let’s begin with the basics.  The UK is far from the Indo-Pacific, but the Indo-Pacific matters to the UK.  It does so for obvious economic and security reasons. For example, at least 1.7 million British Citizens live across the region. And our trade with the Indo-Pacific was nearly £300bn last year, which is nearly 12% of our GDP.

And it’s not just the Indo-Pacific in general terms. What happens in the South China Sea matters to the UK. It does so because:

1. Freedom of navigation is essential. Yes it is essential to our security and prosperity.  But it is essential as a cornerstone of international maritime law.
2. We have a collective responsibility to ensure that the SCS is not a testing ground for reckless behaviour.
3. The consequences of escalation and crisis in the South China Sea would have implications for us all – including, but not limited to, major risks to global economic stability.

Earlier this year, we published our Integrated Review Refresh – a comprehensive strategy that reflects on the intensification of competition, the great pace of geopolitical change, and increasingly volatile and contested world.  And our place within that.

Our conclusion of the Review is that:

1. Those who believe in the principles of openness, good governance, respect for sovereignty and respect for international law must do more to build our resilience and out-cooperate and out-compete those driving instability.
2. As such, the UK will take a more active and activist posture on the world stage.

So, our direction is clear, and we will proudly and confidently play our part to support a free and open Indo-Pacific.

Standing up for what we believe in

This begins by standing up for what we believe in. We stand up for international law, the international law-based maritime order, including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) – something that is frequently reinforced by our Ministers in their public speeches.

The Minister for Indo-Pacific reiterated the UK’s unwavering support for UNCLOS on its 40th anniversary at the South China Sea International conference last year. The UK will continue to demonstrate its support and stand up for the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-aggression. We will continue to oppose any action that raises tensions or the risk of miscalculation. Unashamedly.  Where this involves calling out actions that go counter these principles, and that are dangerous, we do so.

Alongside our G7 partners in the Hiroshima Leaders’ Communique, the UK reaffirmed the importance of UNCLOS and reiterated that the 2016 Arbitral Award is a significant milestone, which is legally binding upon the parties to those proceedings and a useful basis for peacefully resolving disputes between the parties.

We stand up for international maritime law in our words, but also in our actions.

The 2021 deployment of the Carrier Strike Group (in which we engaged with over 40 countries), and long-term deployment of two Offshore Patrol Vessels, HMS Spey and HMS Tamar, has not just allowed us to further defence engagement across the region, but enabled us to walk the talk – in particular on freedom of navigation.

Following HMS Queen Elizabeth, our 5th generation aircraft carrier and her strike group’s visits in 2021.

We note that the Philippines has also taken the bold step to stand up with confidence in support of international law in the South China Sea. We applaud this and salute the resolve shown by this administration.

Developing Strong Security Partnerships

Beyond that, we believe that building closer bilateral, mini-lateral and multi-lateral defence and security partnerships with regional partners will be key to support peace and stability throughout the region.

Indeed – alliances and their cohesiveness are key. So that those who threaten, coerce, intimidate or use force feel the unity and the might of those who uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and abstain from said threats, coercion, intimidation, or the use of force.

We are already building these alliances through landmark agreements and partnerships including AUKUS, with the US and Australia, and the Global Combat Air Programme with Japan and Italy. We firmly believe that these not only show our resolve, but also have a stabilising effect in the region.  Here in the Philippines, these agreements also show that the Philippines does not stand alone.

Building Capability

These partnerships are important, but not sufficient. We believe in working with partners to strengthen our collective capabilities. Here in the Philippines, we are working alongside partners to build the capability of the Philippines to defend its territory. We are:

*Increasing bilateral defence engagement across the air, land and maritime domains with periodic visits by Royal Navy ships, visits and engagements by Defence leaders and specialist training teams. *Building military capability through provision of international defence training in the UK, the Philippines and the region, focusing on developing specialist skills and professional military education for future commanders. *Pursuing joint military exercises and capitalise on opportunities to observe other military exercises in the UK, Philippines and Indo-Pacific.

But it’s not just about hard-edged security and defence.

The UK is also offering its expertise in areas such as Maritime Domain Awareness, Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported Fishing and tackling environmental damage to coastal areas through our own world-renowned agencies, such as the Royal Navy’s MDA team and the UK’s Hydrographic Office.

It’s also about the economy, economic resilience and economic security.

Indeed, these are also the modern nomenclature of conflict. And the areas we must invest in to prevent said conflict.  Across the world we have seen a disturbing rise in incidents of economic coercion that seek to exploit economic vulnerabilities and dependencies and undermine the foreign and domestic policies and sovereignty of countries around the world.  We categorically oppose this behaviour, regardless of which country engages in them. We are committed to ensure that attempts to weaponise economic dependencies by forcing our partners to comply and conform will fail and face consequences.

So as the UK we will boost economic growth and opportunities through high-quality trade agreements and digital partnerships.  Alongside our G7 partners, we are taking steps to end strategic dependency – on energy, investment and technology – and provide a credible alternative.  We are working to unlock investment and collaborating with innovative private sector partners to develop and grow successful UK and Indo-Pacific partnerships.

At Hiroshima, G7 Leaders launched a new Coordination Platform on Economic Coercion. As part of this, Leaders committed to further promote cooperation with partners beyond the G7, and to coordinate, as appropriate, support to targeted states, economies and entities as a demonstration of solidarity and resolve to uphold the rule of law.

Through continuing to build strong partnerships and collaboration in this way, together we can ensure a more stable, peaceful and prosperous future for all.

Today is Ukraine’s Independence Day, marking 32 years since the Act of Declaration of Independence was adopted. It also marks 18 months since Russia launched its illegal full-scale invasion with the aim of overthrowing Ukraine. It was a premeditated, unprovoked attack on a democratic sovereign state.

In Ukraine, the Office of the Prosecutor General had the UK’s support for their work investigating allegations of war crimes, building cases fairly, independently and robustly, to ensure those responsible are held to account. In my new role here I will support international organisations such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) in their complementary work to secure justice for what has occurred.

The UK and the Netherlands have together played a leading role not only in supporting Ukraine to win the war through significant financial and military assistance, but also ensuring there is accountability for the atrocities that have taken place. It is vital that we continue to support the effective and proper monitoring and documentation of human rights abuses. Not only to ensure perpetrators of these heinous crimes are brought to justice, but also to ensure evidence is collected from survivors efficiently to minimise additional stress and trauma.

I have seen first-hand the work of British and Dutch organisations who together are seeking to ensure such effective evidence collection. Earlier this year, the Justice Ministers of the UK and the Netherlands co-hosted an international conference in London, helping to ensure that the ICC has the resources it needs for its critical investigations. The international community, and the UK, is grateful to the Dutch for hosting the Register for Damages and the International Centre for Prosecution of the Crime of Aggression alongside other legal institutions in The Hague.

I have seen Russian aggression not only in my time in Ukraine, I happened to be in Moscow on the day Flight MH17 was shot down. At that time, I was serving as Consul General in St Petersburg. The UK is clear that Russia must be held accountable for this monstrous attack. And I was pleased to see successful prosecutions brought by the Netherlands earlier this year, despite the absence of the perpetrators.

The MH17 trial and process has shown that international justice takes time, it must be to ensure rigorous, fair, and effective trials. That is why we must be unrelenting in our support for the international organisations here in The Hague, to honour the brave people I met in Ukraine with justice, either in Ukrainian courts or here in The Hague.

So, I am proud to be able to continue to support Ukraine from here in The Netherlands. I wholeheartedly agree with Foreign Minister Hoekstra’s statement that accountability is of the utmost importance to ensure a sustainable peace. Justice for the crimes that have been committed will be crucial to rebuilding Ukraine, and some of that rebuilding has already begun. Earlier this year, the international community came together at the Ukraine Recovery Conference in London to unlock the potential of the private sector to help Ukraine’s economic recovery. This, in turn, will support the country to come back stronger, as a modern, stable and resilient democracy. Over $60bn in funding was pledged, and many Dutch business were among the 500 who pledged their support.

Over 20 countries, including the UK and the Netherlands have now also signed a Joint Declaration to provide long-term military support to help Ukraine win the war and strengthen its security in the long term to deter and defend against Russian attacks.

Ukrainians will always defend their land – as people in any country would. So there is no chance of a just and lasting peace unless it fully respects Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity in line with the UN Charter and sees the departure of Russian forces.

We must hold those responsible to account, to ensure our world is one of freedom and democracy, not force and aggression. In the meantime we will continue to provide Ukraine with humanitarian, economic and military aid until Russia’s forces leave, which would be the quickest path to peace.

On Ukrainian Independence Day, I want to celebrate the strength, resilience and identity of the Ukrainian people that despite daily atrocities carry on with their lives.

In Ukraine, I saw the heroes of the country fighting every day for the values we share. We owe it to them to stand by their side for as long as it takes to end the war, to rebuild their country and to ensure justice is done.

Thank you, President, and I thank Special Envoy Pedersen and Ms Alkanawati for their briefings.

President, 12 years ago, the Syrian people peacefully took to the streets to demand freedom, political reform, and a government that respects and upholds human rights. The Assad regime met those demands with brutality. The ensuing conflict has cost the lives of more than half a million and left over 12 million displaced.

With resolution 2254, this Council agreed unanimously on a political path out of the conflict that would protect the rights of all Syrians, with civil society, women and minorities playing a critical role.

Eight years on, there has been next to no political progress. The conditions that perpetuated the conflict, including the behaviour of the Asad Regime, have not changed. Regime complicity in the production and trafficking of Captagon is a recent example. As ever, the regime and its allies profit whilst the Syrian people and the region suffer the consequences.

President, as Lubna Alkanawati has clearly articulated, despite the untold hardship faced by women in Syria, many continue to play vital roles in the pursuit of justice, accountability, and peace, often in the face of harassment, intimidation and fears for their own safety. We commend them for their courage.

The UK recognises the enormous generosity of regional states hosting Syrian refugees, and will continue to support them to do so. Whilst we hope that Syrian refugees will ultimately be able to return home, we agree with the UN’s assessment that conditions in Syria do not currently allow this.

It is essential that international law is respected and that any refugee returns are voluntary, safe and dignified.

The onus must be on the Assad regime to substantively change its behaviour and provide verifiable protection assurances for prospective returnees, many of whom fear prosecution on their return.

If the regime wants to show its behaviour has changed, genuine engagement on the missing and detained would be an important step towards demonstrating a safe environment for refugee returns.

As the recent conclusions from the Arab Contact Group have noted, UN Security Council resolution 2254 remains the only viable route to a lasting and inclusive settlement in Syria. While we welcome recent efforts to make progress on the political track, proof of the regime’s good faith will be in concrete steps to guarantee the rights of the Syrian people and to engage substantially in meetings of the Constitutional Committee.

Thank you.

Thank you, President, and I thank Special Coordinator Wennesland for his briefing.

The UK is extremely alarmed by the growth of settler violence in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. So far in 2023, UN agencies have recorded 591 settler-related incidents resulting in Palestinian casualties, property damage or both. That is the highest monthly average of incidents since records began. This includes the murder of Palestinian Qusai Jamal Maatan by settlers, which the UK condemns.

The displacement of over 400 Palestinians across seven communities from their land due to ongoing settler violence is unacceptable. As an occupying power, Israel is obliged under international humanitarian law to properly provide security for the local population.

Israeli authorities must do more to hold to account and prevent those who have made the lives of Palestinians – such as in the communities of Al Qaboun and Al Mughayyir – intolerable. This includes thoroughly investigating every instance of settler violence to bring those responsible to justice and end the culture of impunity.

The UK condemns the abhorrent terrorist attacks in Tel Aviv on Saturday 12 August, the West Bank town of Huwara on 19 August, and the South Hebron hills just today. These attacks have taken the lives of a further four innocent Israelis. The Palestinian Authority must tackle terrorism and incitement.

We also see continued violations of international humanitarian law in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, including evictions and demolitions. On Friday 17 August, Israel demolished a West Bank Protection Consortium school in Ein Samiya. The continued demolition of Palestinian property and the evictions by Israeli authorities from their homes are contrary to international humanitarian law, it renders Palestinians at risk of forcible transfer, and causes unnecessary suffering to ordinary Palestinians. This is harmful to the peace process. Israel must also urgently provide a clear, transparent route to construction for Palestinians in Area C.

President, UNRWA faces a deep funding crisis. UNRWA can only be a stabilising force in the region whilst it is able to deliver vital services to the Palestinian refugees. We call on members of the council and UN member states to work collectively to fill critical funding gaps.