Category: Speeches

  • Emma Corlett – 2023 Interview on the Norwich Western Link

    Emma Corlett – 2023 Interview on the Norwich Western Link

    The interview with Emma Corlett, the Deputy Leader of the Labour Group on Norfolk County Council, on 1 January 2023.


    (i) Are the Labour group on Norfolk County Council opposing the project primarily on the cost or environmental grounds?

    Our initial opposition and manifesto position was on environmental grounds and in favour of investing in public transport infrastructure. Over the past eighteen months concerns about the rocketing cost have given an additional dimension to our steadfast opposition to the proposed road.

    (ii) Is the suggested need for the road simply a legacy of an inadequate public transport system in the county?

    In part, but also a failure of a vision by the council as strategic transport authority that genuinely addresses the climate crisis, tackles social inequality (see car ownership stats below for 2011 census – 2021 not yet available but we anticipate being worse due to austerity of past twelve years). It is also ideologically driven in that the ruling Tory administration have a very outdated view of “growth” and are not focussed on sustainable and inclusive growth. They love leaving a “legacy” and like 1970s style legacy infrastructure projects such as this road.

    Households with no car (2011 census)

    Norwich 33%

    Great Yarmouth 28%

    King’s Lynn & West Norfolk 17%

    North Norfolk 17%

    Broadland 12%

    South Norfolk 12%

    (iii) Do you agree with the council’s suggestion that the road is essential for economic growth or do you feel that there are alternatives?

    No, we do not agree the road is essential for economic growth. There are greater priorities in the County that would bring sustainable growth such as in integrated and affordable public transport system to get people around the county not just for work and education but for leisure and social life. People will spend money in the local economy if they can access it easily and cheaply. It would also boost sustainable tourism. Our vision for ‘growth’ is based on the principles of the Green New Deal (eg, Pettifor’s Case for A Green New Deal – the Ecologist – Ann Pettifor) rather than the outdated vision of growth that we are being presented with. Norfolk is well placed to develop the renewable energy sector. We face a social care crisis and investment in the social care skills and workforce would pay dividends with the challenge of a rapidly aging population.

     

  • ISSUE OF THE WEEK 1 : Balancing Economic Growth with Protecting the Environment – the Norwich Western Link Road

    ISSUE OF THE WEEK 1 : Balancing Economic Growth with Protecting the Environment – the Norwich Western Link Road

    The planned road from Broadland Northway roundabout (Norfolk County Council)

    This is the first in our ‘issue of the week’ series which are designed to collect information and resources together about specific matters of political debate. Although we are publishing a number of documents every week for each new issue, we will also continually add new resources to these pages to make them as comprehensive as possible. We also hope that students will find the topics useful as a starting point for research on matters of political interest.

    For this week’s ‘issue’, we’re looking at how politicians can balance economic growth whilst also protecting the environment, especially on matters of infrastructure projects. One of these current debates is in Norfolk, East Anglia, with the planned Norwich Western Link. We have interviews with Martin Wilby, a Conservative councillor and the Cabinet Member for Highways, Infrastructure and Transport at Norfolk County Council, and also the campaign group established to oppose the road, Stop the Wensum Link. Listed below, we also have additional interviews we have conducted, as well as collecting together past statement and policy positions from charities, pressure groups and individuals.

    The council are supporting the road (the route of which is visible in the council’s own video above) as they argue that it completes the ring of roads (the Southern Bypass which opened in 1992 and the Norwich Northern Distributor Route – which is formally known as the Broadland Northway – which opened in April 2018) around Norwich and will improve transport links in the county. Although Norfolk County Council are the main movers of the project, it is also supported by the majority of other councils in Norfolk, although Norwich City Council oppose the road as it promoted car dependency in the area. The road construction is supported by numerous organisations including Norfolk Fire Service and also the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital who believe on balance that it would be beneficial because of reduced ambulance conveyancing times, as well as Norfolk Chambers of Commerce who say it will meet “our growth ambitions”. Norfolk Constabulary stated that they supported the road as “it would be useful to have the Western Link Road completed which would save officers time when they are on an emergency call rather than go partially around the route and then have to traverse through the city roads”.

    However, the reason this section of road was not constructed along with the Broadland Northway was explained by the council stating in their executive summary in 2008:

    “[The public consultation led to] strong environmental concerns being expressed about the impact of a new road across the River Wensum Special Area of Conservation (SAC) to which the County Council responded by carrying out further assessment beyond a Stage 2 level to ascertain whether the impact on the SAC could be mitigated. The conclusion was that it could not be demonstrated that the new road would not affect the integrity of the SAC. Alongside this, traffic modelling indicated that a road starting at the A1067 in the west rather than the A47 gave significant benefits and delivered most of the objectives of the NDR scheme and these were key factors in the decision to choose the preferred route as now proposed.”

    These environmental concerns are based around the land which would need to be crossed which is the rare chalk stream habitat of the Wensum Valley. The council’s proposals include a bridge across the River Wensum itself, but opponents question whether this would significantly damage not just the natural environment, but also be damaging visually and cause noise issues during both the construction of the road and then from traffic using it. Stop the Wensum Link point to the environmental mitigation measures on the Norwich Broadland Northway and say that these “had failed” with the council’s own inspection report showing issues.

    The council are arguing that after reviewing transport usage that this section should now be built. After some initial research and site investigations, there were four suggested routes for the new road which went to a wider consultation and review, with the council preferring route C. Although this consultation is now closed, details of all of the routes are still visible at https://nwloptions.commonplace.is/. The council have organised a number of events explaining the need for the road and they also published the results of the 2018 public consultation exercise.

    The council argue that there are economic benefits to the road, stating that the environmental issues can be mitigated. Others argue that the environmental impact is too damaging and the CPRE produced a report with evidence that road projects simply generate more traffic. The Government believe that new infrastructure is necessary for the economy, with the Western Link road being listed in the Government’s September 2022 Growth Plan. Other pressure groups, such as the Campaign for Better Transport, have argued that sustainable transport can reduce the need for new roads and have published a research paper entitled Roads and the Environment. The new road is opposed by environmental groups including Norfolk Wildlife Trust, Friends of the Earth, the Woodland Trust, Norfolk Rivers Trust and the Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists’ Society.

    Opponents of the scheme also argue that roads are only necessary because there are a lack of alternative public transport options, with some suggesting that despite environmental concerns the Government is too ready to provide financing for new road projects. The council have also had to amend their preferred route slightly due to the presence of bats in the area, which are a protected species. There is also the challenge of providing access to the road for pedestrians and cyclists, with Norwich Cycling Campaign stating their opposition to the current proposals as they don’t include cycle lanes which the group says is necessary to keep cyclists safe. Other public transport organisations such as First Eastern Counties Buses said that they supported the road because they believed that it would “reduce congestion” in the area. A representative from KonectBus also stated that they supported the Western Link, but wanted the road “to be built as close to the Longwater junction as possible” in their public consultation submission.

    Part of the land that would be crossed by the road (copyright UKPOL)

    The current cost of the 3.9 mile long road is estimated to be around £251 million, an increase on the previous estimate of £198 million, although opponents of the project have suggested that the final total might be closer to £300 million. The project requires the financial backing of the Department for Transport, who would provide 85% of the total funding. The Government is also committed to continuing a road building programme, but have stated that they are focused on the Strategic Road Network being net zero. However, there is still a significant cost to the council and Stop the Wensum Link note on their web-site:

    “Norfolk County Council already have a deficit of £39M, forcing them to hike council tax 3% this year. With construction costs spiralling, high inflation and stagnating wages, throwing more money at building this road makes no sense. Increasing costs and an already debt laden council threatens vital services and risks further tax rises.”

    Although the Government’s growth plan of September 2022 mentioned the road, this was under Liz Truss’s brief premiership and no guarantees have been given to the council on whether funding will still be made available. Liz Truss had been in support of the road before becoming Prime Minister and as she was a Norfolk MP, it had seemed very likely that her government would have backed the plans. With Rishi Sunak now Prime Minister, a final decision on the funding is expected to be made in 2023 with the Government needing to balance the economic argument alongside a growing demand for action to be taken to protect the environment and there is also the backdrop of potential national spending cuts being needed to balance the books.

    If the funding is made available, the current timetable for the road construction is:

    Mid-2022 – Pre-planning application public consultation
    Spring 2023 – Submit planning application
    Late 2023 – Public inquiry (if required)
    Mid-2024 – Full Business Case submitted to the Department for Transport
    Late 2024 – Start of construction
    Late 2026 – Norwich Western Link open for use

    This road is an example of the challenges which local Government have in trying to balance economic growth and the environment. It also shows the cost of embarking on these projects and the substantial amount of work that has to take place to get them to a stage where funding can be secured. For those opposing schemes such as this, there are financial challenges as councils have funding to help them make a business case for a new road, whereas campaigning organisations often have to fund raise to secure their monies. They also often have to be creative in how they can get publicity for their work, with the Stop the Wensum Link group holding numerous events and having a strong social media presence.

    Whether or not the road is built, this is likely to be an important case that is watched by other councils and governmental bodies to see how the environmental impact is dealt with. It also shows how much work local councillors have to put in to these projects, often facing opposition to their plans and needing to constantly respond to that. But, on the flip side, it also shows how much work and energy that volunteer campaigners put in towards monitoring projects and putting together arguments to help protect the environment. These are complex arguments and why it is perhaps important for individuals to become engaged in politics to fight for their beliefs to ensure that the best decisions are made.

    For readers, we have listed a wide variety of resources below which may help those who are undecided on whether they support this road project and ones like it. We will continue to add to this list and continue to secure more interviews as the project continues.


    KEY INTERVIEWS

    Martin Wilby

    Stop the Wensum Link

    INTERVIEWS, RESOURCES AND COMMENTS

    Emma Corlett, Deputy Leader Labour Group of Norfolk County Council

    Ben Price, Leader of Green Party Group of Norfolk Council Council

    Chloe Smith, Conservative MP for Norwich North

    Chloe Smith – 2019 Letter to Norfolk County Council on Norwich Western Link

    Clive Lewis, Labour MP for Norwich South

    George Freeman, Conservative MP for Mid Norfolk

    Jerome Mayhew, Conservative MP for Broadland

    Natalie Bennett, Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle (former Leader of the Green Party)

    Nova Fairbank, Norfolk Chambers of Commerce

    Norfolk County Council – Key Benefits of the Road

    Norfolk County Council – 2016 Technical Report for the Road

    Norfolk County Council – 2021 Outline Business Case for the Road

    Norfolk County Council – 2022 Addendum to Business Case

    10 Myths About the Western Link – Stop the Wensum Link

    CPRE Letter to Norfolk County Council Opposing Road

    Report to Breckland District Council’s Cabinet

    Bat Conservation Trust’s Position Statement

    First Eastern Counties Buses Letter of Support for the Project


    PRESS RELEASES

    [The county council also have their own extensive timeline of documents at https://www.norfolk.gov.uk/roads-and-transport/major-projects-and-improvement-plans/norwich/norwich-western-link/timeline]

    Amended route options approved as Norwich Western Link shortlist – 09/11/2018 [Norfolk County Council]

    Road Link Across Wensum Valley Would Cause Irreversible Harm – 15/01/2019 [Norwich Green Party]

    Western Link for NDR options are unacceptable, says NWT – 11/01/2019 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    Grave concerns as Norwich Western Link route approved – 16/07/2019 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    Preferred route for Norwich Western Link agreed by councillors – 25/07/2019 [Norfolk County Council]

    Cabinet asked to agree council’s approach to appoint Norwich Western Link contractor – 24/01/2020 [Norfolk County Council]

    NDR Western Link – Net Gain is not enough – 03/02/2020 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    NWT reaction to conditional support for Western Link road – 18/05/2020 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    NDR Western Link – Norfolk Wildlife Trust will object – 02/09/2020 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    Western Link threatens probable largest barbastelle bat colony in UK – 01/12/2020 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    Norwich Western Link contractor announced – 25/06/2021 [Norfolk County Council]

    Ferrovial Construction Awarded Norwich Western Link Project – 25/06/2021 [Ferrovial Construction]

    The Wensum Link – What About Cycling? -22 August 2021 [Norwich Cycling Campaign]

    Maternity colony for rare bats continues to be under threat from proposed road route – 06/12/2021 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    National Highways announce new environmental sustainability division as it targets net zero – 07/01/2022 [National Highways]

    Campaigners from Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex have signed a joint statement calling for greener priorities in Transport East’s 30-year plan -31/01/2022 [Stop the Wensum Link]

    Western Link’s design refined following bat surveys – 25/02/2022 [Norfolk County Council]

    Norwich Western Link remains catastrophic for wildlife despite route changes – 04/07/2022 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    The Western Link: What would happen to our wildlife? – 08/08/2022 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    Our Open Letter, in objection to the Norwich Western Link – 17/08/2022 [Norfolk Wildlife Trust]

    Western link still represents value for money, despite cost increase – 24/06/2022 [Norfolk County Council]


    EXTERNAL LINKS

    Stop the Wensum Link

    Norfolk County Council – Western Link Road

    Norfolk Wildlife Trust – Western Link Road

    Wensum Woodlanders

    Buglife – Western Link Road

    Norwich Western Link – Campaign Web-Site Opposing the Road

    Big Issue Article – Wales has stopped building new roads. Will other countries go down the same route?

    Imperial College Business School Report – Are new roads worth the money?

    Guardian News Article – Norfolk road report rewritten to remove warning of risk to bats

    The wood and the road: my battle to save an irreplaceable ecosystem

    Andrew Boswell’s Crowd Justice Campaign to Stop Road Building

    Greenpeace – Building New Roads Creates More Traffic

  • Stop the Wensum Link Group – 2023 Interview on the Norwich Western Link

    Stop the Wensum Link Group – 2023 Interview on the Norwich Western Link

    The interview with Stop the Wensum Link Group published on 1 January 2023.


    (i) The county council has modelled numerous routes for the Norwich Western Link (NWL). Do any of them have your support, or is there any new road development or improvement that you would support?

    We would support single-carriageway improvements to B1535 and its junctions with A1067 and A47, in conjunction with other non-new-road initiatives e.g public transport and restriction of traffic through villagesMost of such a road improvement was proposed and agreed amongst local villages in 2008, but a much lower-cost scheme was put in place instead. 

    (ii) The NWL has the support of numerous public bodies, including emergency services, the majority of councils and many business groups. Are they mistaken in that support?

    Unfortunately, they are.  

    We have never seen an analysis by any emergency service to show how many emergency journeys would be shortened by the building of the proposed road, and by how many minutes. We suspect the difference is negligible; after all, the blue light allows high speed on existing roads.  Ambulance response times currently are much more affected by the availability of vehicles than how fast a route is.

    Councils and business groups always see new roads as reducing travel times, making industry and commerce more efficient.  This is probably true to a certain extent, but its effect is exaggerated.  The Norwich Distributor Road, for instance, predicted commercial gain, but this has not yet been assessed; the ‘one year after’ report declined to do an analysis, and promised to do one after 5 years (2023). We need to see and evaluate that report before giving credence to the idea that an NWL would improve commerce. 

    Any improvement in commerce has to be weighed against the major harm such a road would do, and its escalating financial cost. 

    (iii) The Norwich Northern Distributor Road (or Broadland Northway) was finished in 2018 and nearly completed a circle around Norwich with the exception of the proposed NWL. Isn’t there an inevitable number of car journeys which would be more efficiently completed along one joined-up road rather than having to cut through villages? Do you feel that evidence has been produced by the council to quantify that number of journeys?   

    Certainly, many car journeys may be more efficiently completed on the proposed new road, depending on exactly is meant by ‘efficiently’.  Much better fuel and emissions efficiency would be achieved by encouraging travellers to use a good public transport system, instead of their cars. 

    Council predictions show much of the 15,000 journeys per day across the valley would transfer to the NWL. We believe this is hugely exaggerated, and that many journeys will still be pressed through villages and suburbs. Especially closer to Norwich where the time saving of driving out to the NWL will be negligible at best. Council traffic counts have shown how many vehicles travel through the villages, but not their origins and destinations. So NCC do not have full information to base their decision on. Such information could inform the creation of the most efficient bus routes. 

    (iv) The county council has said that there would be no public transport along the route of the road as there would be limited demand. Do you consider that this excludes those who can’t afford a car?

    Yes, clearly it does.  Those members of society are excluded now, as there is no public transport across the valley.  We cannot agree that there would be limited demand for good, well-planned  joined up, frequent and affordable public transport.  Figures show a minimum of 15,000 journeys each way (mostly cars) within the valley sector. A proportion of these could be shifted to public transport. But this needs to be a comprehensive system, not a couple of infrequent bus routes. This could be instated at low capital cost without building the proposed new road.

    (v) The county council claims that the majority of the public support the construction of the road. Is this a legacy of a failure of public transport policy in Norfolk over recent decades?

    That is certainly a major component.  Public transport throughout the country is poor, not only in Norfolk, despite government statements of the need for ‘modal shift’.  This has led the public to lose trust in public transport outside the very big cities.  Norfolk, in particular, has reneged on its promise to introduce ‘bus rapid transit’ services, which was an agreed action when the NDR was approved. Cost, reliability, frequency, speed, and lack of useful routes has meant that much of the public prefer to rely on their own transport, with resulting increasing congestion and harm to the environment.  The attitude of Norfolk CC has been that ‘this is a car county’. Many people do love their cars, but if public transport were good, more people would not need to meet the costs of running one. 

    (vi) The cost of the road is estimated to be over £250 million with the majority paid for by national Government (if agreement is reached), but much to be funded by Norfolk County Council (perhaps around £50 million). Would it better for the county to use that money to fund the public transport network? Do you have any view on how the money could be spent instead?

    Most certainly.  With regard to the NWL area, subsidised bus routes could be introduced from, say, Dereham to the Airport area, Aylsham to Wymondham, Fakenham through Hellesdon and Costessey to the Hospital; a consolidation of bus routes on the A47.  These are just a few examples.  Bus routes need to be informed by detailed origin and destination analysis, with continual review when in operation.  We have noted much support for the improvement of bus services when have raised this at events. It is worth bearing in mind that the result of the most recent general questionnaire on transport in Norfolk (before the NDR was built, in 2005) the MOST popular policy was ‘improve public transport’. Yet NCC then made building the NDR their top priority. 

    (vii) You have raised concerns about numerous aspects of the environmental damage, including removing ancient woodland, destroying the habitat of bats and impacting on the River Wensum. How much of this can the council mitigate if the road is constructed?

    Very little.  No mitigating measures can compensate for the loss of an ancient woodland, or an important hedge. They take centuries to develop, and the wildlife cannot wait for newly panted saplings to grow into old trees. Unfortunately, many councillors and others seem to think that all wildlife can learn to live anywhere, and will easily move and adapt to change, as do wood pigeons, blackbirds and rats. This is not the case. If we carry on disturbing their habitats, the more specialist animals will not survive, and we risk ending up with an environment with reduced variety.  

    No doubt care can be taken in construction of the viaduct to reduce possible contamination of the river (which is an SAC), but this depends on maintenance of filters.  With the death of so many trees on the NDR, NCC have shown themselves incapable of handling such necessary maintenance.  

    (viii) Would you consider this sort of project as being something that might have been acceptable twenty years ago, before there was more prominence placed on environmental issues?

    For those of us who care deeply about the protection of the natural world, its landscapes, and about the well-being of us all, whether living in town or country, these projects have never been acceptable.  The M25 was built around 40 years ago, with huge destruction and at huge cost, and now it is regularly congested and there are calls for its expansion.  Building large roads cures nothing long-term; we are a finite country (and planet), and we need to be enacting policies which let us live well without destroying our own habitat.

  • Martin Wilby – 2023 Interview on the Norwich Western Link

    Martin Wilby – 2023 Interview on the Norwich Western Link

    The interview with Martin Wilby published on 1 January 2023.


    ROUTE QUESTIONS

    (i) The county council undertook work on several routes early on during this process, coded Option A, Option B (East and West), Option C and Option D (East and East). The preferred route is Option C, but would it be too late in the process for the council to switch to, for example, Option A? Would it rather switch than lose the project entirely? Some campaigners have suggested that the improvement of existing roads would be possible, is that still an option?

    The proposed route for the Norwich Western Link was selected as the best overall solution for the road having considered a number of factors, such as transport benefits, environmental effects, value for money and impacts on local communities. 

    We wanted, and continue to want, to strike the right balance in providing infrastructure that provides great benefits to residents, businesses and visitors in Norfolk which effectively tackles the transport issues that exist to the west of Norwich but also limits impacts on the local area. 

    The process we need to follow for a major infrastructure project of this kind means there is still some way to go before we can be certain that the project will be delivered; reaching milestones such as receiving a funding commitment from central government and receiving planning approval will be crucial. We are focused on achieving these milestones and we have no plans to change the route. If that position were to change in the future, we would need to consider the reasons for that change in any decision-making on how to proceed.

    (ii) When the preparatory work was done by the council to choose a preferred route, there was preference given to Option C because of the limited presence of bats compared to other routes. It has transpired that there are bats on this route and amendments have been needed. Would this have impacted on the council’s decision earlier on if this information had been known? Is it normal for mistakes of this sort to be made on projects of this scale and funding?

    As referred to above, the proposed route for the Norwich Western Link was chosen based on a number of factors, which included information gathered about the presence of bats in the area to the west of Norwich. It is not therefore true to say that decision-making about the route selection was based, or would ever be based, on one element but rather by taking all the relevant elements into account.

    Before the decision on the preferred route was reached, a great deal of work had been carried out. Objectives for the project were established with input from local communities and a long list of options was developed. These were reduced to a shortlist of options based on how effective the options were at meeting the project objectives, and a public consultation on this shortlist was conducted as well as other assessment work including a range of surveys in the area. Bat surveys were among the surveys conducted before the preferred route was agreed.

    Surveys over a number of years had identified the presence of bats in the area to the west of Norwich, including around the proposed route for the Norwich Western Link, and mitigation measures including green bridges and planting were developed to take account of this. Our 2021 surveys identified a roost used by a maternity colony of barbastelle bats in an area of woodland close to part of the route. We therefore needed to develop our design to minimise our impact on these woodlands.

    It is entirely normal on an infrastructure project for further surveys to be carried out at the point at which a single, preferred route has been agreed and for the design of the route to be developed as further detail is known. And continuing to develop the design of the road and its associated measures in response to evidence until the planning application is submitted is a normal and expected part of the process. 

    (iii) The route has the support of most councils in the county, business groups and also the emergency services. Do you believe that some opponents of the new road have underestimated how much support the project has in many areas?

    There is strong support for the project, not least from those people who are living in communities to the west of Norwich which are badly affected by traffic congestion on unsuitable local roads and in residential areas. And with planned growth in and around Norwich, existing traffic congestion to the west of Norwich is expected to significantly worsen without the Norwich Western Link. I don’t know if anyone has underestimated the support that exists for the project, I can’t think of anything that would lead me to think that.

    ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTIONS

    (iv) Assuming that the council’s preferred route receives approval and funding, is it confident that it has done all that it can to minimise the negative environmental impact? Are there things that the council would like to do, but can’t justify the cost of doing?

    Cost and value for money are of course important considerations across all aspects of this project, as they should be when national and local public investment is involved. But there are also other important considerations and these include our environmental responsibilities on a project like this.

    We’re continuing to take an evidence-based approach to the project and to receive expert advice and follow relevant guidance. If we receive planning approval this means we would have satisfied the planning authority and environmental statutory bodies that our proposals are acceptable to them, which is of course a crucial aim.


    TRANSPORTATION QUESTIONS

    (v) The council has suggested that the road has significant public support. Is this a failure of the wider public transportation policy over recent decades, both within and without the control of Norfolk County Council? Is a new road primarily necessary as there are poor public transportation options, particularly when crossing Norfolk rather than on arterial routes?

    There are a number of reasons why people might support the creation of the Norwich Western Link: businesses may welcome more efficient journeys for the transportation of goods, enabling them to increase productivity and profitability; local residents may be looking forward to quieter, safer local roads and better air quality close to their homes; and emergency services and the people who rely on them are likely to be relieved that many journeys to the west of Norwich will be shortened, including for ambulances to and from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital.

    It’s also important to remember that public transport requires good infrastructure just like any other mode of travel. Bus operators need to be able to run quick, reliable services to attract and retain passengers and make routes commercially viable, and getting stuck in queuing and slow moving traffic significantly hinders this.

    We want to support people to shift their journeys from using a car to more sustainable forms of transport, such as walking, cycling and public transport where appropriate. This will generally be more achievable over relatively short distances and in and between larger centres of population, or where there is a concentration of public amenities or employment. 

    We have been investing in improvements to facilities for public transport users and walkers and cyclists for several years now, particularly in our towns and larger villages and in and around Norwich through our multi-million Transport for Norwich project (www.norfolk.gov.uk/tfn). We have, among other things, improved pedestrian and cycle access to railway stations in Norwich and Great Yarmouth, there have been upgrades to bus facilities in Norwich, Thetford, North Walsham and Cringleford, and we’ve created an off-road pedestrian and cycle path linking Norwich to the fast-growing populations in Hethersett and Wymondham, and extended our very popular Beryl bike/e-bike/e-scooter hire scheme from Norwich into those areas.

    So my view is that there isn’t a ‘one size fits all’ approach to transport and we need to continue to invest in a wide range of transport infrastructure in Norfolk to support all kinds of journeys.

    (vi) The council has suggested that it is unlikely that there will be public transport provided along the route of the road itself. Does this further exclude those who can’t afford cars, don’t want cars or are trying to avoid acquiring a car? Does more road building make it harder to ever increase public transport usage?

    As stated above, reducing congestion on the existing road network as well as creating a more resilient road network that is able to cope with planned growth will bring benefits to all road users, including bus companies and passengers. So making sure we have good infrastructure is important to everyone who travels in Norfolk.

    I would also add that the possibility of a new bus service being established to connect communities to the west of Norwich directly to employment hubs and services, such as the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, once the Norwich Western Link is in place is being discussed with bus operators. By taking traffic off the existing road network, the Norwich Western Link would make such a service more viable. 

    We are also planning to support people to walk and cycle more by improving the Public Rights of Way network in the vicinity of the Norwich Western Link route as well as putting in measures to make walking and cycling more attractive across a wider area.

    (vii) Is the council comfortable with the level of money that has already gone into the project? What are the latest figures for the total cost of the project?

    The latest cost of the project is £251 million as set out in the July 2022 Cabinet report, of which we anticipate 85% would be funded by central government.

    Cost is of course an important factor when managing a project of this nature but so is value for money, and the Norwich Western Link is considered ‘high’ value for money according to Department for Transport criteria. Providing and improving infrastructure is an investment in the future of an area that will provide benefits for many years to come and enable it to grow successfully. So this is how I see the Norwich Western Link – an investment in Norfolk’s future.

    (viii) The council is relying on the support of national Government financing to fund the majority of the project. Is a problem the council faces that it is easier to get funding for road projects in Norfolk than perhaps subsidised bus routes or new light rail/rail routes?

    I wouldn’t say funding for road projects is easier but rather there are different processes, partners and mechanisms involved with the different types of projects and services you mention. 

    Infrastructure improvements to the council’s highway network – whether that’s projects aimed at supporting all road users or more specific interventions like creating bus lanes or cycle paths – are by and large funded by a one-off investment that we will deliver, and the infrastructure will then be added to the network for which we are responsible. Our £32 million Transforming Cities Fund project in Norwich is wholly funded by the Department for Transport and is currently delivering a range of improvements aimed at investing in clean and shared transport, creating a healthy environment, increasing social mobility and boosting productivity through enhanced access to employment and learning.

    Network Rail are responsible for the country’s rail network, so while we can make the case for investment, any new or improved rail infrastructure in Norfolk would generally be delivered and owned by them. That said, we are currently working to develop a proposal for a new rail station at Broadland Business Park to the east of Norwich, which would be on an existing rail line adjacent to the business park.

    Subsidised bus routes are a recurring rather than a one-off cost to a council, so this is funded by revenue rather than capital spending. We do subsidise some bus services in Norfolk and we’ve recently secured £50 million of funding – £31 million of capital funding and £19 million of revenue funding – from the Department for Transport for our Bus Service Improvement Plan, which will deliver measures to support and expand bus services across the county over the next three years.

    QUESTIONS ABOUT POLITICS AND BEING A COUNCILLOR

    (i) Projects such as road building are controversial because of the balance of ensuring the local economy thrives whilst limiting the damage to the environment. As a councillor and portfolio holder, have you found the debate on the road’s construction generally positive and engaged? Or can being a councillor sometimes feel a little thankless?

    The vast majority of the people I encounter in my role as a county councillor and cabinet member are very polite, friendly and respectful and I get a lot of satisfaction from holding a position which gives me the opportunity to help Norfolk and its residents. People will always have different views about how this should be achieved and of course it isn’t possible to please everyone, but I’ll just keep trying to do the best job I can.

    (ii) Would you like councils to have more power and influence over public transport to help deliver an integrated transport policy?

    The county council certainly supports the principle of devolving powers to local government so that local decision makers have more control over how money is spent in their area, as the recent County Deal announcement has demonstrated. I think we at the county council, the Department for Transport, public transport companies and other partners are all committed to making sure we have good public transport services that are viable options for many journeys people want and need to make.

    (iii) Is standing for election in local politics something that you would recommend those interested in the environment to get involved with?

    I think the most important quality in any elected representative is the desire to represent a community and an aptitude for public service. For me, it’s less about what I’m interested in and more about what the people I’m representing want and need. That’s obviously not always easy and, as I said above, it’s impossible to please everyone when people have different and sometimes competing priorities, and – being realistic – there’s a finite amount of time and money. But I’ll keep trying my best and that’s all I can do.

  • Andrew Smith – 2002 Speech to the Institute of Actuaries Seminar

    Andrew Smith – 2002 Speech to the Institute of Actuaries Seminar

    The speech made by Andrew Smith, the then Chief Secretary to the Treasury, on 6 February 2002.

    Introduction

    I am very pleased to be here today.

    2. Thanks very much to the Institute of Actuaries and the Institution of Civil Engineers for organising this conference.

    3. Now is the time for reform in our public services.    Reform means new relationships: new relationships within government between the policy makers and the frontline professionals who deliver our services; new relationships between the public and the private sector. But we are determined to match that reform with increased investment.

    4. So it is crucial to the success of our programme that the public and the private sector – the leaders in the boardroom, the finance directors, and their counterparts in government can come together, share expertise, and agree on the way forwards.

    Investment

    5. When this Government came to power, the public services were run down.  Confidence in the public services had been eroded by years of under investment.  Confidence within the public services had been eroded too by years of some bad faith and some bad practice.

    a. Public sector net investment had fallen from a high of 5% of GDP in 1963-64 to a low of 0.5% in 1997-98.
    b. It fell by an average of almost 16% each year during the last Parliament of the previous administration.

    6. Under investment is irresponsible – storing up problems for future generations.  When we came into office we faced around a £7bn backlog of repairs in schools, £19bn in social housing, £3.5bn in the NHS.  Schools, houses, hospitals, the infrastructure of our country – eroded by neglect.

    7. We are committed to reversing the legacy of under-investment in our public services.  The 2000 Spending Review set out ambitious plans.

    8. We set ourselves the target of more than doubling public sector net investment between 2000/01 and 2003/04.  The latest figures show that we are on course to meet that target – Public Sector Net Investment was £6.3bn in 2000/01 and is forecast to reach £18.6bn by 2003/4.

    9. This means that with this Government, between 2000/1 and 2003/4, public sector net investment will rise by an average of 40% each year in real terms.

    10. This is investment in our priority areas as a government and as a nation.  Investment in our homes, hospitals, schools, and transport system.

    11. The damage done to our capital infrastructure from years of neglect cannot I think be underestimated.  Reversing it will take time – but we are already starting to see results.

    a. 68 major hospital development projects worth over £7.3 billion given go ahead since May 1997 in England alone.
    b. £31billion allocated to local authorities to eliminate the backlog in local road maintenance.
    c. By March 2002, 17,000 schools will have received funding for repairs.

    12. We are determined to sustain these levels of investment in our national infrastructure.  It is investment that is affordable: after all we base our plans on the most cautious of assumptions.  Of course in the current economic climate there will be tough choices to be made – competing priorities, but the focus will continue in this year’s Spending Review.

    Reform

    13. This investment must be matched by reform in the way in which public services are delivered.  The Prime Minister has set out four principles of public service reform:

    a. High national standards and full accountability;
    b. Devolution to the local level – encouraging diversity and creativity;
    c. Flexibility at the front line to support modern public services – intervention in inverse proportion to success, freedom for the nurses, doctors, teachers and managers who have proved they can deliver;
    d. The promotion of greater choice and alternative providers – a new focus on the citizen as customer.

    14. I want to focus for a moment on the last of these – the consumer of public services.

    15. Customers and clients have higher expectations of public services than they used to – and rightly expect improvement in the outcomes that really matter to them.  We are determined to deliver these improvements and we have put in place a strategy to do it – to bridge the gap between expectation and reality:

    a. We have set out challenging PSA targets – yoking investment to reform by holding departments accountable for the delivery of improvements – indeed the first ever attempt by a British government to set out clear targets against which they would be judged. The National Audit Office has commented that “The Introduction of Public Service Agreement targets, and in particular the move to outcome-focused targets, is an ambitious programme of change which puts the United Kingdom among the leaders in performance management practice.”
    b. We have established the Office of Public Services Reform – reporting directly to the Prime Minister – to strengthen the capacity and to improve the performance of our public services.
    c. The Office of Government Commerce is spreading best practice around government and helping to ensure value for money on the tax payers investment, its no exaggeration to say the work of OGC is revolutionising government procurement in this country;
    d. I launched the Gateway review process – a technique for delivering procurement projects based on proven private sector practices, designed to ensure value for money improvements in major Government projects. So far 104 projects – or £18bn of Government investment – have benefited from the Gateway process.
    e. We established Partnerships UK in June 2000 to build on the work of the Treasury Taskforce in helping the public sector to deliver modern, high quality, public services.  Their focus is on helping us to deliver Public Private Partnerships that are developed quickly and efficiently; built on strong, stable relations with the private sector; with savings in development costs on both sides.

    16. Working together, we can reform the relationship between the government, the public sector staff, and the private sector institutions that will deliver the reforms we all want to see.

    Partnership

    17. The role of the private sector – organisations represented here today – in this agenda has excited greatest interest.  There have been suggestions that private sector money raised through Public Private Partnerships will be used to replace public sector investment.

    18. Let me make one thing clear.  Money raised from the private sector through arrangements like PPP is not used as a replacement for public sector investment.  In fact private sector investment will amount to less than 13% of total investment in our public services this year.

    19. The key thing is this 13% represents an additional £4bn investment in our public services – it is a valuable addition, not a replacement.  To regard extra money flowing into our programme of public sector investment and reform as somehow a bad thing would, to my mind, be perverse.

    20. Investment is important but, on its own, it is not enough.  Public Private Partnership is and always has been about more than funding – it is about developing new ways of working and improving the efficiency of public services for the user.  Additional investment from the private sector – in some cases from your organisations – will bring with it the expertise, ingenuity and rigour of private sector practices.

    21. So we need PPPs to help us manage increased investment efficiently, and to make the money we invest go further. We need PPPs to create the incentives to innovate, to manage risks effectively, and to deliver projects on time and on budget.  You only have to look at the Jubilee line extension – almost two years late and £1.4 billion over budget – to realise that the public sector can’t always do this on its own.

    22. That is why we need to harness the efficiency and management skills of the private sector.  We have got big plans for our schools, our hospitals and our transport infrastructure.  To realize our ambitions we need turn the powerful discipline of the markets to the service of the public good.  We need private sector management and employees to challenge inefficiency, and to develop imaginative approaches to delivering public services and managing state-owned assets.

    23. Now businesses of course need to generate a return – they are forced to innovate and look for ways to enhance the service offered to customers.  By forging partnerships between the private sector and the state, at all levels, we can turn this innovation towards the improvement of our public services.

    24. There are some who claim that private sector involvement is somehow at the expense of front line staff and service delivery.  This is simply not the case – when you look at public staffing levels they have risen by 140,000 between 1997 and 2000 – more people in jobs not less, with plans to employ even more doctors, nurses and teachers.  In fact private sector profits flow from an ability to innovate, consider the whole life costs of projects, and to manage risk effectively.  It is where the private sector are better at managing risk that we can redistribute the risks associated with delivering large and complex procurement projects.

    25. Where the average over-spend on London underground schemes was 22% the taxpayer had to carry that extra burden.  Where schools and hospitals were completed over time and over budget it was the citizen who suffered and the taxpayer who picked up the bill.  But where the private sector has capital at stake there is the incentive to deliver on time and to budget, and if they fail, they must meet the costs.  Transferring risks to the private sector frees the taxpayer from unnecessary burden, creates the incentive for the Private sector to deliver, and when they do, benefits the citizen and the service user. To give a few examples:

    a. Carlisle hospital opening several months early; Dartford and Gravesham ready in 44 months – well ahead of what the public sector could have achieved alone;
    b. Over 160 Local Authority projects approved since 1997 – 40 fully operational delivering important services to local people; and
    c. The Barnhill Community high school opening a year after the contract was signed, providing state of the art facilities to educate 1450 pupils.  Ian Marshall – the Headmaster – said the partnership of the private sector allowed the Local Education Authority ?to think about being ambitious, to think about a learning environment that is second to none?.

    26. So PPPs are a means by which the Government is seeking to bring together the best of both sectors – aiming to deliver a higher quality of public service than is possible through the public sector alone.  Aiming to deliver public services that are indeed second to none.

    27. So this is the key. We are boosting the quantity of public sector investment – not, as our predecessors have done, substituting private investment for public responsibility, but using the private sector to boost the quality of that investment too.

    Conclusion

    28. Expectations of the public sector have been raised.  It is the service ethic in the best of organisations – private and public sector – that has raised them.  We have to go beyond offering a basic standard and deliver public services around the needs of consumers and clients.  To do so we have to increase investment, of course.  But alongside investment must come reform:

    a. Reform within the public sector – driven by the Office of Public Sector Reform, the PSA targets, and the framework of national standards with the power to deliver devolved opportunities to motivated frontline professionals;
    b. Reform of relationships with the private sector – OGC and PUK building capacity within government to act as an effective partner, private sector efficiency driving improvement and innovation in a flexible, customer orientated public sector.

    29. For investment in the public sector, public service reform, and Public Private Partnerships this is really just the beginning.  In the spirit of co-operation that exists between government, hard working staff in our hospitals, schools, and local authorities, and the innovators in the private sector, there is the chance to build a truly world class public sector.  Our shared vision must be of the highest quality public services, focused on the needs of customers, and providing for the taxpayer a decent return on their social investment; delivered by efficient public and private sectors, working together through a common commitment to the idea of public service.  Working together – I know this is a vision we can achieve.

    30. Thank you.

  • Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 Address to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

    Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 Address to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

    The address made by Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the President of Ukraine, on 28 December 2022.

    Glory to Ukraine!

    Dear Mr. Chairman, dear people’s deputies of our strong Ukraine, dear government officials!

    Dear guests, dear attendees!

    Dear Ukrainian warriors!

    Ukrainian people!

    Let’s talk about Ukraine today.

    About how everyone has changed in these 10 months. And about how we changed the whole world.

    About our strength.

    All this time we were one. Just like now in this hall, when everyone answered – “Glory to the heroes”.

    Glory to Ukraine!

    Due to our unity, we have achieved what almost no one in the world, in the whole world, believed in. Almost no one except us.

    Ukraine has become one of the global leaders.

    Our national colors are today an international symbol of courage and indomitability of the whole world. In any country, on any continent, when they see blue and yellow, they know that it is about freedom. About the people who did not give up, who endured, who united the world. And who will win.

    Thanks to Ukraine, the world believed that values give strength. This belief emerged following our struggle. The world became convinced that tyranny will lose. Following our faith. The world saw that freedom can be victorious. Following our achievements on the battlefield. And all our warriors.

    It will definitely happen.

    Ukraine will definitely win.

    In 10 months of this year, we helped everyone. We helped the West find itself again, return to the global arena and feel how much the West prevails. No one in the West is afraid of Russia anymore and will never be.

    We helped the European Union acquire real agency. We helped Europe feel like not several championships with teams of different levels, but one strong team that, together with the whole free world, is fighting for this important victory.

    It was Ukraine that united the European Union. It turned out that it is possible!

    And now Europe defends itself. Europe overcomes crises. And this is despite the colossal resources thrown by Russia to break our continent.

    Everything that Russia tried to do against Europe did not work. Every Russian step was a mistake.

    And our steps did work.

    And for the first time in history, the European Union is helping to defend against such large-scale aggression. For the first time, a number of EU countries have changed their legislation and political rules and are now providing armed support to our state.

    For the first time in history, some European countries have reconsidered the concept of neutrality and resist aggression together with us, together with Ukraine.

    We helped Europe and most of the world feel that being neutral now is, pardon me, immoral. 143 states voted for the resolution of the UN General Assembly in support of the territorial integrity of Ukraine and the full implementation of the UN Charter.

    This is a really striking example. This is the biggest number in 10 months and 8 years. And I thank everyone who worked for this result. Unprecedentedly actively. Congratulations! This is a great victory!

    During this time after February 24, I alone had 850 international events. And this is how our entire diplomatic corps worked.

    Now I want to thank everyone who worked just like that, just as powerfully. All our diplomats, all our government officials and, of course, those people’s deputies who helped the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Office build a pro-Ukrainian coalition in the world. I thank you!

    And I am thankful to all the leaders and nations who help us defend our independence, protect international law! Thank you to the honorable ambassadors of the countries – partners of ours, who are now present here, in this distinguished hall!

    Fellow Ukrainians!

    Look at how global priorities have changed.

    Most of the countries of the world are no longer interested in whether Russia will hear them. That’s no longer the case.

    Now the world is really interested in what else to expect from Ukraine, what else Ukraine can give to Europe, what we can give to the world.

    For many people in the world, it is now pride to have friends among Ukrainians. Remember how Ukrainians once wanted to have friends among foreigners.

    And now we are truly one with the world – with the strongest, with the freest in the world.

    We restore faith in values to millions of people in different countries. In the values that parents teach their children anywhere in the free world. We show that life should really depend on such values.

    We actualize the meanings. Meanings that were, unfortunately, only barren letters of some international agreements, conventions and memoranda for a long time. They will work. And we show it.

    We give each of our partners a unique and very important feeling and a historic opportunity – to be a winner together with Ukraine.

    Thanks to Ukrainians, the world remembers what it means to be winners.

    Next year we will only strengthen it.

    This year, we obtained for Ukraine the status of a candidate for joining the European Union. But our achievement is not only in this. This is only part of the achievement. Ukraine has long deserved this status. We know. Even 20 years ago, we could have been there, with this status.

    Now our achievement is much greater.

    Ukraine cements.

    It cements the European Union and the entire free world with the struggle for freedom and peace.

    This is our main achievement in foreign policy for the past year.

    We made it obvious to everyone that no union in Europe would be strong without Ukraine.

    And that is why in all the countries of the European Union, a clear majority of citizens supported Ukraine and the idea of Ukraine joining the EU, and the majority sees us in the Alliance.

    It is time to start negotiations on Ukraine’s membership in the European Union.

    Fellow Ukrainians!

    I want us now to thank all those who opened this opportunity and this path to us.

    I want us to thank our warriors. Warriors!

    Our warriors, exactly warriors, Ukrainian heroes, are not just servicemen. Not just soldiers and sailors, not just sergeants, not just officers and generals.

    The warriors are the hope of millions of people for life. They are Europe’s hope for peace. They are the hope of the world that the time of empires cannot return.

    Ukrainian warriors gain peace for us.

    And they will gain it!

    Glory to the Armed Forces of Ukraine! To the National Guard, our border guards, our intelligence, Security Service, Special Operations Forces, National Police! Glory to all our Defense and Security Forces! Glory to Ukraine!

    Today, the Ukrainian warriors prove that greatness does not depend on the size of the state, the stockpile of missiles, or the ability to force someone into something.

    Greatness depends on the strength of morale of those who defend their home, defend the freedom of their people.

    The Ukrainian warriors ousted the invaders from around Kyiv, and this was the first turning point in the full-scale war. It showed the strength of our resistance.

    The Ukrainian warriors freed Zmiinyi, and since then every occupier knows the only answer he will hear from the Ukrainians to any of his encroachments. This showed that nothing can stop Ukraine.

    The number of flagships has somewhat decreased in the Black Sea, and one infamous bridge is increasingly operating for exit rather than entry. If it is operating, of course. And it showed what the future would be like. It will be Ukrainian.

    The active actions of our Defense and Security Forces in the Kharkiv region turned many pages of old history. Perhaps, the Russian army did not know that it was capable of fleeing so quickly. Fleeing, leaving everything behind – positions, weapons, their soldiers and collaborators.

    The occupiers fled, although they had an advantage in this direction – in the number of weapons, equipment and soldiers. But our warriors had – and have – another great advantage.

    A more significant one.

    The advantage in determination, the advantage of the strength of your land under your feet.

    We reinforce this advantage of Ukrainian warriors with powerful weapons. We have such weapons for the first time.

    HIMARS and Krab, Harpoon and NASAMS, Bayraktar and M777 howitzers, CAESAR, Bushmaster, IRIS-T, Crotale – I have named only a few of the dozens of types of the best weapons in the world, which our warriors already have or will have. I am grateful to our partners!

    We have already managed to liberate more than one thousand eight hundred cities and villages of Ukraine from the Russian occupier.

    And I thank all the states that help us overcome Russian tyranny right on the battlefield!

    And let me remind you that a year ago it seemed impossible that our country would have Patriot air defense systems. Now we have such an agreement. I am grateful to our strategic partners!

    This is a special sign of trust in Ukraine.

    This is a true alliance with the United States of America. We have achieved this.

    And I have a debt after my visit to the United States, which I want to pay off right now.

    Captain Pavlo Cherniavskyi is now in this hall, commander of the HIMARS battery who was awarded the Cross of Combat Merit and who presented this award to President of the United States of America Biden.

    It was an honor to carry out this special mission. But it also has a second part. In response, President Biden handed over a Command Coin – a special symbol from the President of the United States of America.

    Mr. Captain! Pavlo!

    I have to give this Command Coin to you now.

    Once again, I want to thank President Biden, both parties of Congress and every American family for the historical support of Ukraine and our citizens. Thank you!

    Fellow Ukrainians!

    You see, dear Ukrainians, how the whole world helps us and how we get advanced weapons.

    Rest assured, the time will come when the whole world will be equally interested in Ukrainian weapons brands.

    We are capable of producing our missiles, our naval drones, we are already doing it, armored vehicles, aircraft and other types of weapons. We are already doing it. There is ours already.

    It’s all ours. “Stugna”, “Vilkha”, “Neptune”, marine drone and others.

    Let’s thank our domestic production.

    Ukraine and the Ukrainian military-industrial complex was and will be one of the most powerful in Europe and the world, I am sure of that.

    The intensity of hostilities, the depth of the evil that Russia has brought, the volume and brutality of the crimes of the occupiers on our Ukrainian land encourage not only us, but also the whole world to update defense standards, update security standards, and achieve justice.

    And this applies to many areas.

    From the production of projectiles and tactics on the battlefield to the creation of a new effective security architecture for Ukraine, for all of Europe and the world, new security guarantees.

    From the launch of legal mechanisms to bring to justice all those guilty of aggression and to compensate at the expense of Russia for all the damage caused by this terror, to the reform of existing international organizations that are supposed to guarantee peace, guarantee international law and order, but are unable to do so now.

    Ukraine is already among the leaders of the relevant processes.

    And, by the way, it is in Ukraine that new NATO standards are defined by our heroic warriors. Standards we share with our allies today. Allies! Not just partners.

    But in order to get to that time and those opportunities, we have to come to an agreement between ourselves now.

    All of us in this hall, in Ukraine, within our people, our society.

    The first point is unity. We have to cherish it despite any personal emotions, any personal interests.

    Unity is what allows us now to strengthen society, strengthen our state, win together and change the negative trends of our centuries-old history.

    The stronger the unity, the greater and faster our victory will be.

    We must be equal in unity. Equal in unity. And this is now a challenge. A very important point.

    No one at the front will understand those who, having any political weight or any position of authority, will try to return to the old life. Life before February 24.

    And if someone tries to play against the independence of Ukraine – be it political, economic, or spiritual independence – our state will respond instantly and in a tough way.

    There is no such gold for crosses or anything else in the world that could cover the moral rust from ties with a terrorist state.

    And if someone from the political class of Ukraine thinks that when he skis down the mountain, he motivates the soldiers to climb out of the trenches and go on the offensive, this is a sign of madness, and there will be no such people in politics.

    I urge everyone to leave their personal ambitions at home and work to protect our common home.

    Work together with the state and in a way that is necessary to protect freedom and our people.

    When such a brutal war is ongoing, it is not the time for personal political guerrilla activity somewhere in the rear, in the media, or even more so in the capitals of the countries that help us.

    Please take my words as seriously as possible.

    Ukraine is on its way to the victory that generations of our people have dreamed of. Now our children dream of it. Our parents and grandparents dreamed of it. All generations from the time of Bohdan to the national liberation struggle of the XX century.

    We will get what we did not achieve before. We will.

    And this is possible thanks to the fact that for the first time in several centuries we simultaneously have national unity, our own functioning state and the maximum unity of the world in supporting our beautiful Ukraine.

    We will not let anyone “roll it back” to the old days. People will not allow it. The world will not allow it.

    Our unity must be as strong as our warriors.

    The second point is security.

    Being one of the global leaders is not a status or an award. This is an ongoing process. The process of finding new opportunities for our state, new friends and alliances, new growth for the economy and for our society.

    In the same way, the security of the state is not a state that you achieve once and for all, it is difficult work, it is a process.

    Leadership and security always go hand in hand – by acquiring one, you work for the other.

    Now, when the enemy has set himself the goal of destroying us, destroying our energy sector, we set ourselves the goal of becoming a leader in the transformation of our energy sector to counter any threats, any challenges – military, political, economic or even climatic.

    We have to become – and we will become, as there is no other option – a leader in building modern green energy. This will allow us to create a decentralized energy system that cannot be destroyed by anything, any missile strikes.

    Today – everyone can see – it is dangerous when cities depend on several large thermal or power plants. A modern city needs decentralized sources of energy.

    Only green energy can really provide this.

    Having a leadership position in such energy and developing our atomic generation, as well as hydrogen energy, we will be able to provide for the needs of Ukraine, and in peacetime – the needs of Europe.

    And this will be a historic strengthening of Ukraine’s role in Europe. We can, and therefore must, become one of the guarantors of European energy security. And this is a task, a task for tomorrow.

    And today we have to get through and we will definitely get through this winter.

    Russian missile and, as they say, “shahed” strikes at our energy sector, at the energy supply of Ukrainians, is an obvious challenge not only to our state, by the way.

    When terror strikes against the civilization of life, the world can stand up for both civilization and life.

    We do everything for this.

    I want to thank everyone who advocates for increasing international pressure on Russia for this terror!

    And I thank all the countries and companies, international organizations and people who supply us with equipment and provide financial support to provide the people of Ukraine with light, heat and communication! Thank you!

    One example – we will increase the number of Starlink terminals in Ukraine, which clearly prove the superiority of civilization over terror and barbarism, to more than thirty thousand in the near future.

    We are already becoming – and we will become – a leader in the digital transformation of our state and society.

    I think it is not necessary to dwell separately on what we have achieved in the field of digitization and communication.

    I will only say that this is an achievement of such importance that allows us to make our country’s experience in digitization one of the tools of foreign policy.

    We will complete the total digitization of all permits and public services in Ukraine. This is about anti-corruption and about the stability of the institutions of our state.

    And what is important, by spreading such experience of transformation, successful experience in the world, we will provide Ukraine with new friends, new alliances, new political and economic opportunities.

    In particular, this will concern the development of relations with African countries and other states of the Global South. This direction of foreign policy received a special priority.

    We are already becoming – and we will become – the leader of global efforts for food security.

    This year has shown that without a Ukrainian farmer, without Ukrainian agricultural exports, it is impossible to guarantee not only food, but also social security for dozens of countries in Africa, Asia and Europe. Our two initiatives – the Export Grain Initiative and the “Grain from Ukraine” program – have returned the world to vital stability.

    More than fifteen million tons of food for export to more than forty countries of the world in just five months in conditions of full-scale war is our first grain initiative.

    And I want to thank the UN Secretary-General, Mr. Guterres, I thank President of Türkiye Erdoğan for supporting the restoration of our agricultural exports.

    Already more than thirty donor countries and almost two hundred million dollars – this is our second grain initiative, a humanitarian one. The European Union and Qatar, Türkiye and Japan, Norway and Korea, Canada and the United States of America – this is just the beginning of the global humanitarian corridor for countries facing the threat of famine.

    Famine caused by Russia.

    Even now, when it’s hard for us, we share our Ukrainian bread with those for whom it is even harder. I thank you for this – everyone who did it! This moral leadership of Ukraine and our partners is undeniable.

    Ukraine must always look for ways to show leadership, to attract other leaders, and every such success will strengthen our security, strengthen the external situation of our state.

    But also the internal one.

    Our export initiatives and, in general, the expansion of opportunities for freight transportation through the territory of the European Union, Türkiye – allowed us to save millions of jobs for Ukrainians.

    Dear attendees!

    I am asking you now to thank all our transporters, all our port workers, all those who work on the railways, in every other industry that ensures the movement of goods for Ukrainians!

    Another important security element.

    Business is also the protection of Ukraine now. Taxes are also security now.

    This year we had no delays – or almost no delays – with the salaries of our beloved teachers and doctors. Pensions were indexed, as provided by the legislation of Ukraine. In the de-occupied territory, payments were made as soon as stabilization measures were completed there. More than one trillion two hundred billion hryvnias are allocated to defense for the year.

    Of course, the financial assistance of partners and other involved funds played an important role, that’s true.

    But.

    But there is a but. We must remember that the financing of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is primarily an internal resource from Ukrainian taxes, customs duties, bonds and other similar sources.

    And every unpaid hryvnia of taxes is money taken from our military. This is the fact.

    Of course, the existing tax system is convenient neither for those who pay taxes nor for those who collect taxes. It is also not convenient for those of our people who receive salaries and pensions from these taxes.

    But it is extremely important for us to reach a national agreement on this issue.

    Now I want to thank everyone who keeps their businesses running, who keeps jobs so that people can provide for themselves and their families, who pays taxes. Gratitude to all of you!

    I want to emphasize this again and want you all to know: very important international aid goes to important social benefits. And the entire resource for the salaries of the military is paid by the citizens of Ukraine.

    The third point is justice.

    The creation of the Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression is an integral part of the policy of our state. I am sure that the Tribunal will work.

    The International compensation mechanism, which we are currently building, will also work.

    At the same time, we must cooperate as much as possible with our international partners, with the International Criminal Court.

    That is, all elements of international and national justice will be used to bring to justice the Russian murderers and torturers, all those who planned, started and are carrying out aggression against the people of Ukraine.

    No crime committed by the occupiers in Ukraine can go unpunished.

    And no matter how much resources and time it takes, accountability for the occupiers must be unavoidable.

    And it will be so!

    For everything that was done against Ukraine, that was done against Ukrainians from 2014 and from February 24.

    Can the state alone ensure this? No.

    And I want to thank our partners, in particular, the Netherlands, for their principled leadership in this work; all our investigators, experts, prosecutors, all our judges who are already working on this, and all journalists and public activists who joined justice. Thank you!

    I am also thankful to those who help us find and block the assets of the terrorist state and its associated persons in foreign jurisdictions, who promote important legislative initiatives in other states to confiscate these assets of the Russian Federation, and also advocate this in the media!

    We will do everything to bring home all our people who are currently in Russian captivity.

    The goal of restoring the territorial integrity of Ukraine always goes hand in hand for us with another goal of freeing all our people who are held in Russian captivity or in prisons, as well as all those who were forcibly deported from our land.

    After February 24, our team managed to free 1,456 people from Russian captivity.

    This is significant. I am happy to see everyone who returns to Ukraine.

    But there is much more work ahead.

    However, I have no doubt that we will fulfill it together, in a united manner.

    Reconstruction of Ukraine after hostilities is another component of justice.

    It is already clear that this will be the biggest economic project of our time in Europe. The scope of what needs to be done is obvious to everyone and requires a separate enumeration now.

    I will mention very briefly only the key principles.

    The entire territory of our state needs reconstruction of those infrastructure, energy, social sphere and other objects that do not meet modern security requirements.

    We have to raise from the ruins the territory entered by the Russian invaders after February 24.

    In the same way, we will restore the normality of life in the territory of Donbas and Crimea, which were illegally occupied in 2014 and have been brought to the point of disaster by the occupiers over the time that has passed.

    Now it is still difficult to estimate the required amount of resources.

    But it can be said for sure that we should prioritize the restoration of those companies that were in Ukraine or that came to Ukraine during the war. Which left the Russian market during the war.

    And this is fair.

    Who supported us in the most difficult moments, who were with us when Ukraine was fighting for life, who worked, who paid taxes, who volunteered, who helped our indomitability… We need to find a format to give such business more opportunities in such important projects, the projects of a new, rebuilt Ukraine.

    Ukrainian business, American, French, Polish – any that we see – here and now.

    And I ask you, dear people’s deputies, together with us, together with the Office, together with the Government to develop such a legislative framework. And this will also, I think, encourage international business to enter Ukraine now – preparing for the future, for the victory.

    And one more thing.

    Just as we must restore territorial integrity, we must also restore social integrity.

    Millions of our people who have become displaced persons, who have found shelter abroad, should not become refugees.

    I thank all the countries, I thank all the nations of Europe and the world who help our people!

    But we must preserve them as a part of Ukrainian society. We have to ensure their return. And this includes various components of work.

    Security guarantees, economic growth.

    Reconstruction and further integration of our state with the European Union and other leading subjects of the free world.

    Protection of human rights, equalization of social and personal freedoms in Ukraine and in advanced countries of stay of our migrants.

    Creating a modern veteran policy. It’s very important!

    Creation of a modern rehabilitation system in Ukraine for those who were put in the most difficult position by the war. So that our society has this feeling that no one is needless among us – this is the task… That we care about all Ukrainians, that we can help each and every one of them.

    A country that supports every its citizen is a country that you want to return to.

    We have to make sure that when the world sees the blue and yellow Ukrainian flag of ours, they will know that it is about freedom and about people who have a strong home and who will always be helped – no matter what happens to them.

    Because we are all Ukrainians. And that’s enough.

    I thank you for your attention!

    Glory to all who fight and work for our country! Glory to all who help us protect our independence, our freedom! Glory to all of you, our people!

    Glory to Ukraine!

    I wish all of us victory and only victory in the coming year. Nothing else is needed! Happy upcoming holidays. Thank you all for this difficult year! We thank our warriors, our people of beautiful Ukraine!

    Glory to Ukraine!

  • Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 Address to the Western Rite Orthodox Christians

    Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 Address to the Western Rite Orthodox Christians

    The address made by Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the President of Ukraine, on 24 December 2022.

    Dear people!

    These days, millions of people in Ukraine and the world celebrate Christmas. The appearance of the Son of God gave people hope for salvation, faith in the victory of goodness and mercy.

    Unfortunately, all the holidays have a bitter aftertaste for us this year. And we can feel the traditional Spirit of Christmas differently. Dinner at the family table cannot be so tasty and warm. There may be empty chairs around it. And our houses and streets can’t be so bright. And Christmas bells can ring not so loudly and inspiringly. Through air raid sirens, or even worse – gunshots and explosions. And all this together can pose a bigger threat. It is a disappointment. Of the higher forces and their power, of goodness and justice in the world. Loss of hope. Loss of love. Loss of myself…

    But isn’t this what evil and darkness, which have taken up arms against us, want in their essence?

    We have been resisting them for more than three hundred days and eight years. And will we allow them to achieve what they want?

    In this battle, we have another powerful and effective weapon. The hammer and sword of our spirit and consciousness. The wisdom of God. Courage and bravery. Virtues that incline us to do good and overcome evil.

    The main act of courage is endurance and completion of one’s work to the end, despite everything. The truth illuminates our path. We know it. We defend it. Our truth is a struggle for freedom. Freedom comes at a high price. But slavery has an even higher price.

    Our path is illuminated by faith and patience. Patience and faith. These are twin forces. As it was said, “he who rules and controls his own spirit, is better than he who captures a city.” To endure does not mean to accept the circumstances. Patience is watching to make sure that we don’t let any doubt or fear into our minds. It is faith in one’s own strength.

    Evil has no weapon stronger than the armor given to us by God. Evil smashes against this armor like a stone wall. We have seen this more than once. We endured at the beginning of the war. We endured attacks, threats, nuclear blackmail, terror, missile strikes. Let’s endure this winter because we know what we are fighting for.

    We go forward through the thorns to the stars, knowing what awaits us at the end of the road. God is a just Judge who rewards good and punishes evil. Which side we are on is obvious. Who is who in this battle is obvious. There are at least seven proofs of this – they are known – “A proud look, a lying tongue, And hands that shed innocent blood, An heart that deviseth wicked imaginations, Feet that be swift in running to mischief, A false witness that speaketh lies, And he that soweth discord among brethren.” We oppose all this. Being a role model for others. The faithful, that is, those who really believe, must be a light to the rest of the world. For more than three hundred days, Ukrainians have been striving for this, proving it, serving as an example to others. We are not righteous, not holy, but we are definitely fighting for good and fighting for the light, with faith in Bible prophecy:

    “Every valley shall be filled in, every mountain and hill made low. The crooked roads shall become straight, the rough ways smooth. The people who walk in darkness will see a bright light. The light will shine on those who live in the land of death’s shadow. For to us a child is born, to us a son is given!”

    We believe that tears will be replaced by joy, hope will come after despair, and death will be defeated by life.

    Dear Ukrainian people!

    Today and all future winter holidays we meet in difficult circumstances. Someone will see the first star in the sky over Bakhmut, Rubizhne, and Kreminna today. Along thousands of kilometers of the front line. Someone is on the road, on the way – from the Ukrainian-Polish border to Kherson region or Zaporizhzhia. Someone will see it through the bullet holes of his or her own home. Someone will celebrate the holiday in other people’s homes, but strange people’s homes – homes of Ukrainians who gave shelter to Ukrainians. In Zakarpattia, Bukovyna, Lviv region, Ivano-Frankivsk region and many other regions. Someone will hear Shchedryk in another language – in Warsaw, Berlin, London, New York, Toronto and many other cities and countries. And someone will meet this Christmas in captivity, but let them remember that we are also coming for our people, we will return freedom to all Ukrainian men and women.

    Wherever we are, we will be together today. And together we will look at the evening sky. And together we will remember the morning of February 24. Let’s remember how much we have passed. Let’s remember Azovstal, Irpin, Bucha, Kramatorsk, Snake Island, Chornobayivka, Izium, Kherson. We make a wish. One for all. And we will feel joy. One for all. And we will understand the truth. One for all. About the fact that no kamikaze drones are capable of extinguishing the Christmas Dawn. We will see its glow even underground in a bomb shelter. We will fill our hearts with warmth and light. No Kinzhal missile can hurt them. They will break against our steel spirit. And our struggle will continue without stopping. It is not threatened by planned or emergency blackouts. And we will never feel a shortage of courage and indomitability.

    We have experienced a lot of bitter news and will deservedly receive good news. We will sing Christmas carols – cheerier than ever – louder than the sound of a generator. We will hear the voices and greetings of relatives – in our hearts – even if communication service and the Internet are down. And even in total darkness – we will find each other – to hug each other tightly. And if there is no heat, we will give a big hug to warm each other.

    We will celebrate our holidays! As always. We will smile and be happy. As always. The difference is one. We will not wait for a miracle. After all, we create it ourselves.

    Christ is born! Let’s praise Him!

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  • Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 President’s Speech at the Conference of Ambassadors of Ukraine

    Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 President’s Speech at the Conference of Ambassadors of Ukraine

    The speech made by Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the President of Ukraine, on 23 December 2022.

    We are already used to it. This means that everything is fine. If there are sirens, it means that Russia does not forget about us and is afraid of us. We will defeat everyone.

    Dmytro Ivanovych! Dear Mr. Minister!

    Dear attendees!

    Dear heads of diplomatic missions of our country!

    24 hours a day and 365 days a year, we all have to be with Ukraine. We have no right to a weekend, no right to rest, no right to vacation, no right to an eight-hour work day.

    All the rights guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine are currently on hold for us personally as representatives of our state. Because if we rest or take it lightly, if we are careless, we will have neither the Constitution of Ukraine nor our state.

    We must sleep less than the enemy, think more than the enemy, take risks more effectively than the enemy, and communicate with the world better, constantly, on a different level than anyone else in this world.

    Such an attitude should define your work. We must do everything possible and impossible, formally and informally, personally and directing the forces of the powerful, professional teams we have formed in order to strengthen the defense of our state, guarantee the safety of our people and accelerate the victory of Ukraine.

    Actually, these are the criteria by which I evaluate and will evaluate the effectiveness of each and every one of you, your work.

    We do not have time to, for example, watch the two-hour press conferences of the President of the Russian Federation. We simply do not have time for such trifles. We already know how this war will end, and therefore every hour of yours is very important, it should add up the strength of Ukraine and accelerate our victory.

    Ladies and Gentlemen!

    Ukraine needs concrete results from each and every one of you. The results that will allow everyone who fights and works for our people, for the sake of Ukraine, to say that you stand by them, even though you are in other countries of the world.

    And for that to happen, you must understand how bravely and selflessly our people fight, how much they do so that the state can survive, and how much they sacrifice to preserve our free and independent life.

    No matter where you live and work abroad, you must still live in Ukraine and for Ukraine. No matter where you are on a working trip, you should still be with Ukraine and feel Ukrainians.

    The country is at war. You must be at war. Every day you should feel that the life of our state depends on your work, the lives of people and the situation on our land depend on it.

    Yesterday, as you know, we returned to Ukraine from the United States of America. And this was my first visit abroad after February 24 – to the key ally of our state, the United States.

    It was a fruitful visit. We have a decision on strengthening our air defense. The Congress is working on a powerful financial package for Ukraine and global security – 45 billion US dollars. We have significant strategic agreements with the United States for the coming months, which will definitely strengthen the capabilities of the most important thing – our defense forces in key directions.

    I urge you to consider this visit as a very important reference point, as a set bar. I don’t have the opportunity of foreign visits – I just don’t, there’s no time. As it was done before, in different conditions. I have opportunities to do this kind of work in other formats – and you know it, you’ve seen it. I think it was quite effective this year.

    But if any visit potentially has as significant, important, strategic content as my visit to the United States, if our Armed Forces, all our defense forces absolutely directly depend on the results of the visit, if one or another partner of ours is ready to take the lead in the implementation of the points of the Ukrainian Peace Formula, if there can be decisive steps to accelerate our victory, there can be my negotiations on a personal level as an exception to the general practice of wartime.

    You have to know what result you will potentially give in your direction. Fight for Ukraine, for strategic results for Ukraine!

    The second aspect: we must constantly create new opportunities for our state.

    This year we achieved historic results. It’s true.

    We have achieved and are increasing vital military, financial, sanction, humanitarian and other necessary support for Ukraine. Despite Russia’s all-out war against us, against each and every one, we preserved the resilience of our state.

    A powerful global coalition has been created around Ukraine and the protection of international security, which unites not only traditional partners, but also – what is very important – states with which relations are just being built.

    Ukraine united the European Union in an unprecedented way and gained the status of a candidate for joining the EU. This is a great achievement. We applied for NATO membership.

    Historically significant results have been achieved in our cooperation with the UN and at the UN site. This applies both to Ukrainian export initiatives and to the decisions adopted for the sake of Ukraine, in particular the resolutions of the UN General Assembly.

    143 countries of the world – more than ever before – supported our territorial integrity and condemned Russian aggression.

    Our grain export initiative enables the world to overcome the severity of the food crisis. More than 14 million tons of agricultural products were exported – you know – to more than forty countries of the world. We also launched the Grain from Ukraine humanitarian initiative.

    Both initiatives put our state in the same line with those who really guarantee global security for the whole world. And next year, we will increase this, I believe, very important activity of ours.

    Special attention is paid to those regions and continents where our interests are so far represented less than we need for the good of Ukraine and our protection against Russian aggression. In particular, this is Africa.

    We are already restarting relations with dozens of African countries. We have to step it up next year.

    Ten countries have already been determined where new embassies of Ukraine in Africa will be opened. We also developed the concept of the “Ukraine – Africa” trading house with the opening of its offices in the capitals of the most promising countries of the African continent. In addition to the existing representation of Ukraine in ten African countries – along with new embassies and trading houses – we must achieve representation in thirty countries of the African continent.

    Global growth and international stability in this century cannot be imagined without relations with Africa and other parts of the Global South: Latin America, India, other Asian countries, including China and Southeast Asia, the entire region of the islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Ukraine must find the format of its leadership in strategic processes in each of these regions, and the role of the diplomatic corps of Ukraine will be decisive.

    We need passports for Ukraine’s relations with each country, as it is currently done by us with African countries. I think the ministers, my colleagues, diplomatic institutions will explain this to you in more detail. We need clarity and defined intersection of our interests with partners and potential partners.

    It is necessary to bring the capacity of Ukraine to a new level in the foreign policy of emergency situations. We need such a tool that will enable our state to respond to crisis situations in the world. Our presence should be felt by absolutely everyone, everyone should be interested in our help. To this end, we are preparing the creation of the Ukrainian International Aid Agency, which will expand the geography of our influence and form additional lines of cooperation with partners.

    As we ensure the sustainability of our country together with our partners, we can also help other countries maintain and develop sustainability.

    As an example, we can consider our cooperation with partners in the field of food security, in the field of digitization and – which is very important, where we have really important developments – in cyber defense. We have experience that can strengthen our partners and give Ukraine new friends in the world.

    Of course, all this requires updating the regulations and ensuring the work of our diplomats.

    To this end, I commission the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to prepare an ambitious draft of amendments to the Law of Ukraine on the Diplomatic Service.

    The system of work of embassies must be updated. In order for embassies to be able to work truly as a team, the approach to the formation of the embassy team must be changed. The ambassador is responsible for the result, and therefore the ambassador needs to influence the formation of the embassy team. It will be done.

    Of course, injustice in financing the work of our representative offices, in particular in Africa, will also be corrected.

    The third aspect: the world should know about the needs of Ukraine and the needs of our people. Not only politicians, but also business, the very important media environment, and the civil sector.

    This is critically necessary for the reconstruction of Ukraine, for the restoration and development of the social and investment opportunities of our state, as well as for the pressure on Russia for this shameful war, for terror, to constantly increase.

    Our embassies and our state should be heard and seen in the countries of your direct work.

    In particular, one of your tasks, in addition to the general task of popularizing Ukraine, should be the organization of visits of those who can actually become and are newsmakers in the country of your stay.

    Take a look at examples of what has been done this year. Just a few examples, there were many of them, but still… For example, the Crimea Platform summit of the parliamentary dimension in Croatia – it was done jointly by the teams of Ruslan Stefanchuk, the government, the Office, all our diplomats. The conference on strengthening our energy sector and infrastructure in general, which took place in France and where Ukraine was represented by Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal, Yulia Svyrydenko and Rostyslav Shurma. Agreements were reached in the amount of about 2 billion euros. The visit of the First Lady of Ukraine to Washington, her speech in Congress, meetings after which the possibility of a powerful strengthening of air defense opened up for Ukraine. A very important visit. Agreements regarding grain, which were dealt with by the team of Oleksandr Kubrakov and the team of the Office. The release of our prisoners of war, in particular the defenders of Mariupol and Azovstal, which was ensured by the team led by Andriy Yermak, Kyrylo Budanov and Rustem Umyerov, which is extremely important. The activity, which was aimed at obtaining candidate status, historical candidate status, and the corresponding visits and negotiations of Dmytro Kuleba, Olha Stefanishyna, Andriy Sybiha, Ihor Zhovkva, Emine Dzhaparova, Oleksiy Chernyshov – this entire team.

    We need this level of events for Ukraine next year. We need to create events that could talk about Ukraine and our interests. Political events of strategic importance. You should focus on this and ensure at least one such event per month for the sake of Ukraine.

    Ladies and Gentlemen!

    Today, several special, very important areas of work in the coming year will be presented to you.

    In particular, the Head of my Office will present what can be done to implement the Ukrainian Peace Formula. I want to emphasize: this is a practical thing. Not some kind of abstraction, not some trick, not a rhetorical tool. This is a specific task, points that must be implemented in order to restore the territorial integrity of our state and guarantee the security of Ukraine and Ukrainians.

    There are more specific tasks for us for the next year. Now, if you don’t mind, I’m going to outline some of them, those we need to implement to make the next year a truly victorious year for all of us. So.

    Start of negotiations on Ukraine’s accession to the EU.

    Preparation for the planned NATO summit and ensuring concrete results of this summit for Ukraine, which we all know about.

    Each of you will be presented with our updated defense and security needs for our army. You must constantly work to satisfy them.

    Ukrainian energy sector and, in general, the needs of our country for recovery after the Russian strikes, Fast Recovery Plan – please work as closely as possible with the government, the Office, international organizations and partner states, so that all these existing agreements are provided with a concrete content and result.

    Sanctions against Russia. We have to ensure new strong sanction packages next year. The terrorist state must feel real pressure, and your actions – the actions of our diplomatic corps – must be aimed at this.

    The Tribunal for the crime of aggression and the accountability of war criminals – work to ensure that the countries of your stay support us.

    Help find and block Russia’s assets linked not only to government officials, but also to Russian businesses that support the war. All these funds will be directed to the restoration of Ukraine. Do everything you can to ensure that the countries in which you work help build an effective compensation mechanism.

    And be sure to support our people not just as much as you can, but much more. They are facing extremely hard times. Work for our people to return to the state and for all their rights and legitimate interests in the host countries are satisfied. Ukrainian identity, Ukrainian cultural, educational, information and social needs must be satisfied.

    In everything, take as an example our work on “Patriots”, “NASAMS”, “IRIS-T”, “Crotale”. We were told that it was impossible. That all this was impossible. Now it’s all there. Diplomacy is just such a tool. Everything that faces a “no” at the beginning must become a concrete result for all of us.

    The implementation of all the tasks I mentioned today is not only a specific work plan for the next year.

    We must understand: this is our victory, these are the elements of this victory. When we implement a specific task, we accelerate victory for Ukraine, accelerate victory for our people.

    The most important task for all of us is victory in this war. We must, and we will get it!

    Glory to all our warriors! Gratitude to everyone who works for our victory!

    Thank you for all your work for our state in a particularly difficult time after February 24!

    I sincerely congratulate you on your day, your professional day – the Day of Diplomatic Service Employees – and I wish you all to achieve even more results in the coming year than this year.

    I wish you all a Merry Christmas, happy holidays, and a Happy New Year. May this year be victorious!

    Glory to Ukraine!

  • Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 Address to the United Kingdom’s Joint Expeditionary Force

    Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 Address to the United Kingdom’s Joint Expeditionary Force

    The address made by Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the President of Ukraine, on 19 December 2022.

    Thank you very much, Rishi, Mr. Prime Minister Sunak!

    Mr. Prime Minister Kariņš, everyone present!

    I am grateful, first of all, for these words of support. They are very important, and they are about the priorities you’ve mentioned.

    Dear friends, dear leaders!

    First of all, I want to thank you all for supporting Ukraine and our struggle for freedom. When I participated in this format of ours last time, and it was on the twentieth day of a full-scale invasion, I called on you: help Ukraine and through it – help yourself. This is exactly how we have been acting all these months. And I thank you all for that, for your great support!

    That is why we see the most important thing – that Russian aggression can and must fail. And our task now is to speed it up. Now – at this summit – I urge you to do everything to speed up the defeat of the occupiers.

    I will be very specific today – absolutely practical. Perhaps you expect a more political speech. But it is a different time now.

    It is time for specific things.

    Ukraine was again attacked by Iranian drones this night. 34 “Shaheds”. I say both the number and the name, and quite specifically.

    These are “Shaheds” from the new batch that Russia received from Iran. 250 items – that’s how many “Shaheds” have now been received by the terrorist state.

    Russian missiles and Iranian drones are constantly used to strike primarily at our energy sector – and you know all the details about it.

    Only one recent massive attack on Ukraine affected more than 20 million of our people. As a result, cities with millions of inhabitants and most Ukrainian regions were left completely without electricity. In general, on the evening of December 16, 22 million 408 thousand Ukrainians were disconnected from the energy supply. More than 10 million people had their water and heat supplies cut off. Imagine the scale of this terror.

    And imagine that it can be stopped.

    Dear leaders!

    Right now to a large extent it depends on you when and how this war will end. And everything is very specific. The more successful our Defense Forces are, the sooner Russian aggression will fail.

    Winter is now a really crucial time.

    It is a time when decisions can be made, the results of which in the spring will allow us to outline the restoration of our territorial integrity and guarantee that Russian revanchism will never again cross the border of Ukraine, and therefore – the border of Europe. And I want to address everyone.

    Mr. Prime Minister of Britain! Rishi!

    When we can fully protect the Ukrainian sky, it will mean the dismantling of the last great Russian opportunity to terrorize Ukraine.

    And therefore, it will also be the dismantling of the last great Russian hope that they will allegedly succeed in conquering our state and people.

    And I am asking you to increase the possibility of supplying air defense systems to our state and help speed up the relevant decisions of partners.

    One hundred percent air shield for Ukraine will be one of the most successful steps against Russian aggression. And this step is needed right now.

    Mr. Prime Minister of Norway! Mr. Støre!

    I am asking you to continue your policy of defense support for Ukraine in the next year as well – at least at the same level as this year.

    And we already see tangible results.

    NASAMS which have already been given to us, significantly strengthened our defense. I thank you for this!

    I am asking you to increase the supply of such systems and missiles for them.

    Mrs. Minister of Defense of the Netherlands! Mrs. Ollongren!

    For our defense operations to be more successful, we need modern armored vehicles.

    First of all, tanks.

    There is no explanation why Ukraine has not yet obtained a decision on the provision of modern and effective tanks – in particular, “Leopards”. This is vital! I am asking you and your partners to reach this decision, to help us.

    The first to open this defense opportunity for Ukraine – with the supply of tanks – will open it for all other partners of ours. The first step is needed to get others to take their steps as well.

    I am asking to continue our cooperation regarding Soviet-type tanks – the necessary shells, as well as Harpoon complexes and other artillery systems.

    Mr. Prime Minister of Sweden! Mr. Kristersson!

    We have already discussed with you the possibilities of strengthening our artillery.

    This is what determines the developments on the battlefield, namely the artillery.

    You know how large a stockpile of artillery systems and shells there is in Russia.

    And this artillery arrogance of the terrorist state must be shut down. We need to increase our capabilities on the battlefield so that the Russian leadership quicklier understands that this aggression has no chance.

    You have good Archer systems – I urge you to make a decision on them.

    And also you can strengthen the capabilities in the defense of the sky, and if you can – these are RBS-98 anti-aircraft missile systems and these are Gripen aircraft. We have to achieve such a historically important result for us.

    Mr. President of Lithuania! Gіtanas, my friend!

    I thank you for the fact that Lithuania became one of the first countries to help us.

    Even before the start of the full-scale invasion, when we have already been preparing for defense, you helped us.

    I thank you for that!

    And I am asking you to continue our cooperation next year.

    We need both NASAMS, as you know, and “Stingers”, which we can get if your decision is made.

    Dear Mr. Prime Minister of Latvia! Mr. Kariņš!

    I thank you for your constant and principled support throughout the Russian war. And let’s reduce the time of this aggression even more actively!

    You can help us with artillery systems – please make such decisions.

    Dear Mrs. Prime Minister of Estonia! Mrs. Kallas!

    You also have this opportunity – 155-mm artillery shells, spare parts for howitzers. Let’s intensify our cooperation.

    Dear Mr. Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Defense of Denmark! Mr. Ellemann-Jensen!

    You are aware of our need for CAESAR systems, which have proven themselves well on the battlefield, and these are the systems you expect from France. But they are vitally necessary for us right now, precisely in Ukraine. We need your decision on CAESAR.

    And I am asking you to continue our cooperation next year, which has already been achieved in the field of defense, in particular in anti-ship defense.

    Dear Mr. President of Finland! Mr. Niinistö!

    I thank you for the armored vehicles provided to us – the APCs that you provided help us a lot.

    You have 122-mm and 152-mm caliber – they are vitally necessary. Means of radio-electronic warfare, countering drones. MLRS complexes.

    Please maintain the level of interaction that has already been achieved between us.

    The sooner we restore our border, the stronger your security will be. I am sure of it.

    Dear Mrs. Prime Minister! Mrs. Jakobsdóttir!

    I thank you for your demining initiatives and humanitarian leadership.

    I am asking you to expand our cooperation next year, to create even more opportunities to protect our people from Russian mine terror.

    Dear friends!

    Today – on St. Nicholas Day according to the Eastern Rite – Russian terrorists “gifted” new strikes to Ukrainian children.

    I am asking you to support our country right now with a clear decision – to provide everything that can not only preserve the existing dynamics on the battlefield in Ukraine, but also accelerate the movement of our Defense Forces to victory. Because our victory will be the victory of each of you, it is the victory of Europe, your nations, the victory, which the whole world expects, I am sure of that.

    That’s that – Ukrainian children in their letters to St. Nicholas ask for air defense, weapons and victory – victory for themselves, victory for all Ukrainians. Our children understand everything.

    Let’s act!

    I thank you for your attention!

    I thank you all for your support!

    Glory to Ukraine!

  • Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 New Year’s Message – “We are all Ukraine”

    Volodymyr Zelenskyy – 2022 New Year’s Message – “We are all Ukraine”

    The statement made by Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the President of Ukraine, on 31 December 2022.

    Dear Ukrainians!

    This year began on February 24. Without prefaces and preludes. Sharply. Early. At 4 o’clock.

    It was dark. It was loud. It was hard for many and scary for some. 311 days have passed. It can still be dark, loud, and complicated for us. But we will definitely never be afraid again. And we’ll never be ashamed.

    It was our year. Year of Ukraine. Year of Ukrainians.

    We woke up on February 24. Into another life. Being another people. Another Ukrainians. The first missiles finally destroyed the labyrinth of illusions. We saw who was who. What friends and enemy are capable of, and most importantly, what we are capable of.

    On February 24, millions of us made a choice. Not a white flag, but a blue and yellow flag. Not escaping, but meeting. Meeting the enemy. Resisting and fighting.

    The explosions on February 24 stunned us. Since then we have not heard everything. And we don’t listen to everyone. We were told: you have no other option but to surrender. We say: we have no other option than to win.

    On February 24, we began to create our victory. From many bricks – hundreds of other victories.

    We have overcome the panic. We did not run away but united. We have overcome doubts, despair, and fear. We believed in ourselves and in our strength. The Armed Forces of Ukraine. Intelligence. National Guard. SBU. Special Operations Forces. Border guards. Territorial defense forces. Air defense forces. The police. The State Emergency Service. All our defense and security forces. I am proud of you all, our warriors!

    This year can be called a year of losses for Ukraine, for the whole of Europe, and the whole world. But it’s wrong. We shouldn’t say that.

    We haven’t lost anything. It was taken from us. Ukraine did not lose its sons and daughters – they were taken away by murderers. Ukrainians did not lose their homes – they were destroyed by terrorists. We did not lose our lands – they were occupied by invaders. The world did not lose peace – Russia destroyed it.

    This year has struck our hearts. We’ve cried out all the tears. All the prayers have been yelled. 311 days. We have something to say about every minute. But most of the words are superfluous. They are not needed. No explanations or decorations are needed. Silence is needed to hear. Pauses are needed to realize.

    The morning of February 24.

    Hostomel. Bucha. Irpin. Borodianka. Kharkiv.
    Mriya.

    Kramatorsk Station. Toy.

    Chernihiv.

    Mariupol. Drama Theater. The word “Children” written.

    Olenivka.

    Odesa. Multi-story building. Girl. Three months old.

    Vilniansk. Maternity hospital. Baby. Two days old.

    Azovstal.

    It’s impossible to forget. And it’s impossible to forgive. But it’s possible to win.

    We stood on our feet because there was something that kept us going. Our spirit.

    Defense of Kyiv.

    Kharkiv.

    Mykolaiv.

    Chornobayivka.

    Snake Island.

    HIMARS.

    Antonivsky Bridge.

    “Cotton” pops.

    Crimean Bridge.

    Neptune.

    Cruiser Moskva.

    Russian warship.

    Izyum, Balakliya and Kupyansk.

    Kherson.

    And we pray that there will be Kreminna and Svatove, Melitopol, all of Donbas, Crimea.

    We fight and will continue to fight. For the sake of the main word: “victory.”

    It will be for sure. We are approaching it for 311 days.

    We gave it a lot of strength. But at the moment, when it seems that you can’t go any further, remember that we have already passed with you.

    I want to say to all of you: Ukrainians, you are incredible! See what we have done and what we are doing!

    How our soldiers have been smashing this “second army of the world” since the first days.

    How our people stopped their equipment and infantry columns.

    How an old man used his hands to stop a tank.

    How a woman knocked down a drone with a jar of tomatoes.

    How enemy tanks, armored personnel carriers, helicopters, shells were stolen during the occupation.

    How we fundraised for Shahed hunters, naval drones, armored vehicles, ambulance vehicles and Bayraktar drones in several hours.

    How we withstood all threats, shelling, cluster bombs, cruise missiles, darkness and cold.

    How we supported each other and the state.

    Everyone is important in war.

    Who holds a weapon, the steering wheel of a car, the helm of a ship or plane, a scalpel, or a pointer.

    Everyone who is behind a laptop, who drives a combine harvester, a train.

    Who is at a roadblock and a power plant.

    Journalists and diplomats, utility workers and rescuers.

    All. Who is working. Studying at a university or school. And even those who are just learning to walk.

    All this is for their sake. Our children. Our people. Our country.

    There are no small matters in a great war. There are no unnecessary ones. Each of us is a fighter. Each of us is a front. Each of us is the basis of the defense.

    We fight as one team – the whole country, all our regions. I admire you all. I want to thank every invincible region of Ukraine.

    Kharkiv. Mutilated but unconquered. You proved to the enemy that being close territorially does not mean being close in mind. Kharkiv is a Ukrainian city. The hero city.

    Invincible Mykolaiv. Heroically withstands all blows. The city on a wave that overcomes all storms.

    Sumy city and the region. You were one of the first to feel the full-scale invasion of the invaders. Sumy region became a bone in their throat for them. Ordinary people made Molotov cocktails, burned enemy columns, took the first prisoners. Sumy region is a force.

    Dnipro. The support and reliable rear of our front. You received people, you got the lives of wounded soldiers back. Despite constant barrages, Dnipro lives on.

    Odesa. Sunny and friendly, now a fortress. World fortress. Which defends us and which defends the world. Feeds it by sending millions of tonnes of salvation by sea every day. Because it is Odesa Mama.

    Kherson! You are heroic people! You have been under occupation for more than eight months. No news. No communication. Separated from Ukraine.

    Thousands of you took part in actions against the ruscists. You did not know whether we saw it in Ukraine or knew about it. The occupiers lied to you that Ukraine abandoned you and would not fight for you. But you believed and waited despite everything. The face of Kherson is cut by fragments of shells, but the main thing is that we welcome the New Year free and together under blue and yellow flags. And therefore, we will restore everything, rebuild everything. Just like Chernihiv and Zaporizhzhia, and Kramatorsk, and Bakhmut.

    Those that became a refuge for millions of Ukrainians: Rivne, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Vinnytsia. I thank you! Those who receive and transfer millions of tonnes of aid from Europe and the world: Lviv, Uzhgorod, Chernivtsi, Lutsk. Thank you! Those who accept the evacuation of businesses, enterprises, universities: Khmelnytsky, Zhytomyr, Kropyvnytsky, Poltava, Cherkasy. Thank you!

    And those who are waiting for Ukraine. And will wait. Donbas, Luhansk region, Crimea. Thanks to you, our warriors!

    And, of course, Kyiv region and the city are our heart, which always beats thanks to you, all our Ukrainians!

    We are all one family. One Ukraine.

    This is the year when Ukraine changed the world. And the world discovered Ukraine. We were told to surrender. We chose a counterattack! We were told to make concessions and compromises. We are joining the European Union and NATO.

    The world heard Ukraine. European Parliament, Bundestag, the UK Parliament, Knesset, the US Congress.

    The world felt Ukraine. Ukraine in the media. In the hearts of people. At the top of Google search.

    The world saw Ukraine. On the main squares in Toronto, New York, London, Warsaw, Florence, Sydney, and other cities.

    Ukrainians surprise. Ukrainians are applauded. Ukrainians inspire.

    Is there anything that can scare us? No. Is there anyone who can stop us? No.

    Because we are all together.

    It is what we are fighting for. One for each other.

    The best salute for us is at the warehouses of the occupiers. The best gift is the numbers in the report of the General Staff.

    We do not know for sure what the new year 2023 will bring us. But ready for anything.

    New achievements? We will be happy. New hits? We will be steadfast. Continuation of the fight? We will fight. And when we win, we will hug.

    Dear Ukrainians!

    A few minutes remain until the New Year. I want to wish all of us one thing – victory. And that’s the main thing. One wish for all Ukrainians.

    Let this year be the year of return. The return of our people. Soldiers – to their families. Prisoners – to their homes. Immigrants – to their Ukraine.

    Return of our lands. And the temporarily occupied will become forever free.

    Return to normal life. To happy moments without curfew. To earthly joys without air alerts.

    The return of what has been stolen from us. The childhood of our children, the peaceful old age of our parents.

    So that grandchildren come to visit their grandparents during the holidays. To eat watermelons in Kherson. And the cherry in Melitopol.

    So that our cities are free. Our friends are faithful.

    And so that our main figure and main success appeared in reports near the figure of 100,000 destroyed enemies, thousands of units of destroyed Russian equipment – it is 603,628 square kilometers. The area of independent Ukraine, as it was since 1991. As it will always be.

    May the New Year bring all this. We are ready to fight for it. That’s why each of us is here. I’m here. We are here. You are here. Everyone is here. We are all Ukraine.

    Glory to Ukraine!

    Happy New Year!