Tag: HM Queen Elizabeth II

  • Queen Elizabeth II – 2013 Christmas Broadcast

    Queen Elizabeth II – 2013 Christmas Broadcast

    The Christmas broadcast made by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 25 December 2013.

    I once knew someone who spent a year in a plaster cast recovering from an operation on his back. He read a lot, and thought a lot, and felt miserable.

    Later, he realised this time of forced retreat from the world had helped him to understand the world more clearly.

    We all need to get the balance right between action and reflection. With so many distractions, it is easy to forget to pause and take stock. Be it through contemplation, prayer, or even keeping a diary, many have found the practice of quiet personal reflection surprisingly rewarding, even discovering greater spiritual depth to their lives.

    Reflection can take many forms. When families and friends come together at Christmas, it’s often a time for happy memories and reminiscing. Our thoughts are with those we have loved who are no longer with us. We also remember those who through doing their duty cannot be at home for Christmas, such as workers in essential or emergency services.

    And especially at this time of year we think of the men and women serving overseas in our armed forces. We are forever grateful to all those who put themselves at risk to keep us safe.

    Service and duty are not just the guiding principles of yesteryear; they have an enduring value which spans the generations.

    I myself had cause to reflect this year, at Westminster Abbey, on my own pledge of service made in that great church on Coronation Day sixty years earlier.

    The anniversary reminded me of the remarkable changes that have occurred since the Coronation, many of them for the better; and of the things that have remained constant, such as the importance of family, friendship and good neighbourliness.

    But reflection is not just about looking back. I and many others are looking forward to the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow next year.

    The baton relay left London in October and is now the other side of the world, on its way across seventy nations and territories before arriving in Scotland next summer. Its journey is a reminder that the Commonwealth can offer us a fresh view of life.

    My son Charles summed this up at the recent meeting in Sri Lanka. He spoke of the Commonwealth’s “family ties” that are a source of encouragement to many. Like any family there can be differences of opinion. But however strongly they’re expressed they are held within the common bond of friendship and shared experiences.

    Here at home my own family is a little larger this Christmas.

    As so many of you will know, the arrival of a baby gives everyone the chance to contemplate the future with renewed happiness and hope. For the new parents, life will never be quite the same again!

    As with all who are christened, George was baptised into a joyful faith of Christian duty and service. After the christening, we gathered for the traditional photograph.

    It was a happy occasion, bringing together four generations.

    In the year ahead, I hope you will have time to pause for moments of quiet reflection. As the man in the plaster cast discovered, the results can sometimes be surprising.

    For Christians, as for all people of faith, reflection, meditation and prayer help us to renew ourselves in God’s love, as we strive daily to become better people. The Christmas message shows us that this love is for everyone. There is no one beyond its reach.

    On the first Christmas, in the fields above Bethlehem, as they sat in the cold of night watching their resting sheep, the local shepherds must have had no shortage of time for reflection. Suddenly all this was to change. These humble shepherds were the first to hear and ponder the wondrous news of the birth of Christ – the first noel – the joy of which we celebrate today.

    I wish you all a very happy Christmas.

  • Queen Elizabeth II – 2014 Christmas Broadcast

    Queen Elizabeth II – 2014 Christmas Broadcast

    The Christmas Broadcast made by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 25 December 2014.

    In the ruins of the old Coventry Cathedral is a sculpture of a man and a woman reaching out to embrace each other. The sculptor was inspired by the story of a woman who crossed Europe on foot after the war to find her husband. Casts of the same sculpture can be found in Belfast and Berlin, and it is simply called Reconciliation.

    Reconciliation is the peaceful end to conflict, and we were reminded of this in August when countries on both sides of the First World War came together to remember in peace. The ceramic poppies at the Tower of London drew millions, and the only possible reaction to seeing them and walking among them was silence. For every poppy a life; and a reminder of the grief of loved ones left behind.

    No-one who fought in that war is still alive, but we remember their sacrifice and indeed the sacrifice of all those in the armed forces who serve and protect us today.

    In 1914, many people thought the war would be over by Christmas, but sadly by then the trenches were dug and the future shape of the war in Europe was set. But, as we know, something remarkable did happen that Christmas, exactly a hundred years ago today. Without any instruction or command, the shooting stopped and German and British soldiers met in No Man’s Land. Photographs were taken and gifts exchanged. It was a Christmas truce.

    Truces are not a new idea. In the ancient world a truce was declared for the duration of the Olympic Games and wars and battles were put on hold. Sport has a wonderful way of bringing together people and nations, as we saw this year in Glasgow when over seventy countries took part in the Commonwealth Games. It is no accident that they are known as the Friendly Games. As well as promoting dialogue between nations, the Commonwealth Games pioneered the inclusion of para-sports within each day’s events. As with the Invictus Games that followed, the courage, determination and talent of the athletes captured our imagination as well as breaking down divisions.

    The benefits of reconciliation were clear to see when I visited Belfast in June. While my tour of the set of Game of Thrones may have gained most attention, my visit to the Crumlin Road Gaol will remain vividly in my mind. What was once a prison during the troubles is now a place of hope and fresh purpose; a reminder of what is possible when people reach out to one another, rather like the couple in the sculpture.

    Of course, reconciliation takes different forms. In Scotland after the referendum many felt great disappointment, while others felt great relief; and bridging these differences will take time. Bringing reconciliation to war or emergency zones is an even harder task, and I have been deeply touched this year by the selflessness of aid workers and medical volunteers who have gone abroad to help victims of conflict or of diseases like Ebola, often at great personal risk.

    For me, the life of Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace, whose birth we celebrate today, is an inspiration and an anchor in my life. A role-model of reconciliation and forgiveness, he stretched out his hands in love, acceptance and healing. Christ’s example has taught me to seek to respect and value all people of whatever faith or none.

    Sometimes it seems that reconciliation stands little chance in the face of war and discord. But, as the Christmas truce a century ago reminds us, peace and goodwill have lasting power in the hearts of men and women.

    On that chilly Christmas Eve in 1914 many of the German forces sang “Silent Night”, its haunting melody inching across the line. That carol is still much-loved today, a legacy of the Christmas truce, and a reminder to us all that even in the unlikeliest of places hope can still be found.

    A very happy Christmas to you all.

  • Queen Elizabeth II – 2015 Christmas Broadcast

    Queen Elizabeth II – 2015 Christmas Broadcast

    The Christmas Broadcast made by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 25 December 2015.

    At this time of year, few sights evoke more feelings of cheer and goodwill than the twinkling lights of a Christmas tree.

    The popularity of a tree at Christmas is due in part to my great-great grandparents, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. After this touching picture was published, many families wanted a Christmas tree of their own, and the custom soon spread.

    In 1949, I spent Christmas in Malta as a newly-married naval wife. We have returned to that island over the years, including last month for a meeting of Commonwealth leaders; and this year I met another group of leaders: The Queen’s Young Leaders, an inspirational group, each of them a symbol of hope in their own Commonwealth communities.

    Gathering round the tree gives us a chance to think about the year ahead — I am looking forward to a busy 2016, though I have been warned I may have Happy Birthday sung to me more than once or twice. It also allows us to reflect on the year that has passed, as we think of those who are far away or no longer with us. Many people say the first Christmas after losing a loved one is particularly hard. But it’s also a time to remember all that we have to be thankful for.

    It is true that the world has had to confront moments of darkness this year, but the Gospel of John contains a verse of great hope, often read at Christmas carol services: “The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it.”

    One cause for thankfulness this summer was marking seventy years since the end of the Second World War. On VJ Day, we honoured the remaining veterans of that terrible conflict in the Far East, as well as remembering the thousands who never returned. The procession from Horse Guards Parade to Westminster Abbey must have been one of the slowest ever, because so many people wanted to say ‘thank you’ to them.

    At the end of that War, the people of Oslo began sending an annual gift of a Christmas tree for Trafalgar Square. It has five hundred lightbulbs and is enjoyed not just by Christians but by people of all faiths, and of none. At the very top sits a bright star, to represent the Star of Bethlehem.

    The custom of topping a tree also goes back to Prince Albert’s time. For his family’s tree, he chose an angel, helping to remind us that the focus of the Christmas story is on one particular family.
    For Joseph and Mary, the circumstances of Jesus’s birth — in a stable – were far from ideal, but worse was to come as the family was forced to flee the country. It’s no surprise that such a human story still captures our imagination and continues to inspire all of us who are Christians, the world over.

    Despite being displaced and persecuted throughout his short life, Christ’s unchanging message was not one of revenge or violence but simply that we should love one another. Although it is not an easy message to follow, we shouldn’t be discouraged; rather, it inspires us to try harder: to be thankful for the people who bring love and happiness into our own lives, and to look for ways of spreading that love to others, whenever and wherever we can.

    One of the joys of living a long life is watching one’s children, then grandchildren, then great grandchildren, help decorate the Christmas tree. And this year my family has a new member to join in the fun!

    The customary decorations have changed little in the years since that picture of Victoria and Albert’s tree first appeared, although of course electric lights have replaced the candles.

    There’s an old saying that “it is better to light a candle than curse the darkness”.

    There are millions of people lighting candles of hope in our world today. Christmas is a good time to be thankful for them, and for all that brings light to our lives.

    I wish you a very happy Christmas.

  • Queen Elizabeth II – 2016 Christmas Broadcast

    Queen Elizabeth II – 2016 Christmas Broadcast

    The Christmas Broadcast made by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 25 December 2016.

    There was a time when British Olympic medal winners became household names because there were so few of them. But the 67 medals at this year’s Games in Rio and 147 at the Paralympics meant that the GB medallists’ reception at Buckingham Palace was a crowded and happy event. Throughout the Commonwealth there were equally joyful celebrations. Grenada, the Bahamas, Jamaica and New Zealand won more medals per head of population than any other countries.

    Many of this year’s winners spoke of being inspired by athletes of previous generations. Inspiration fed their aspiration; and having discovered abilities they scarcely knew they had, these athletes are now inspiring others.

    A few months ago, I saw inspiration of a different kind when I opened the new Cambridge base of the East Anglian Air Ambulance, where Prince William works as a helicopter pilot. It was not hard to be moved by the dedication of the highly skilled doctors, paramedics and crew, who are called-out on average five times a day.

    But to be inspirational you don’t have to save lives or win medals. I often draw strength from meeting ordinary people doing extraordinary things: volunteers, carers, community organisers and good neighbours; unsung heroes whose quiet dedication makes them special.

    They are an inspiration to those who know them, and their lives frequently embody a truth expressed by Mother Teresa, from this year Saint Teresa of Calcutta. She once said, “Not all of us can do great things. But we can do small things with great love.”

    This has been the experience of two remarkable organisations, The Duke of Edinburgh’s Award and the Prince’s Trust, which are sixty and forty years old this year. These started as small initiatives but have grown beyond any expectations, and continue to transform young people’s lives.

    To mark my 90th birthday, volunteers and supporters of the six hundred charities of which I have been patron came to a lunch in The Mall. Many of these organisations are modest in size but inspire me with the work they do. From giving friendship and support to our veterans, the elderly or the bereaved; to championing music and dance; providing animal welfare; or protecting our fields and forests, their selfless devotion and generosity of spirit is an example to us all.

    When people face a challenge they sometimes talk about taking a deep breath to find courage or strength. In fact, the word ‘inspire’ literally means ‘to breathe in’. But even with the inspiration of others, it’s understandable that we sometimes think the world’s problems are so big that we can do little to help. On our own, we cannot end wars or wipe out injustice, but the cumulative impact of thousands of small acts of goodness can be bigger than we imagine.

    At Christmas, our attention is drawn to the birth of a baby some two thousand years ago. It was the humblest of beginnings, and his parents, Joseph and Mary, did not think they were important.

    Jesus Christ lived obscurely for most of his life, and never travelled far. He was maligned and rejected by many, though he had done no wrong. And yet, billions of people now follow his teaching and find in him the guiding light for their lives. I am one of them because Christ’s example helps me see the value of doing small things with great love, whoever does them and whatever they themselves believe.

    The message of Christmas reminds us that inspiration is a gift to be given as well as received, and that love begins small but always grows.

    I wish you all a very happy Christmas.

  • Queen Elizabeth II – 2021 Christmas Broadcast

    Queen Elizabeth II – 2021 Christmas Broadcast

    The Christmas Broadcast made by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 25 December 2021.

    Although it’s a time of great happiness and good cheer for many, Christmas can be hard for those who have lost loved ones. This year, especially, I understand why.

    But for me, in the months since the death of my beloved Philip, I have drawn great comfort from the warmth and affection of the many tributes to his life and work – from around the country, the Commonwealth and the world. His sense of service, intellectual curiosity and capacity to squeeze fun out of any situation – were all irrepressible. That mischievous, enquiring twinkle was as bright at the end as when I first set eyes on him.

    But life, of course, consists of final partings as well as first meetings; and as much as I and my family miss him, I know he would want us to enjoy Christmas.

    We felt his presence as we, like millions around the world, readied ourselves for Christmas. While Covid again means we can’t celebrate quite as we may have wished, we can still enjoy the many happy traditions. Be it the singing of carols (as long as the tune is well known); decorating the tree; giving and receiving presents; or watching a favourite film where we already know the ending, it’s no surprise that families so often treasure their Christmas routines. We see our own children and their families embrace the roles, traditions and values that mean so much to us, as these are passed from one generation to the next, sometimes being updated for changing times. I see it in my own family and it is a source of great happiness.

    Prince Philip was always mindful of this sense of passing the baton. That’s why he created The Duke of Edinburgh’s Award, which offers young people throughout the Commonwealth and beyond the chance of exploration and adventure. It remains an astonishing success, grounded in his faith in the future.

    He was also an early champion of taking seriously our stewardship of the environment; and I am proud beyond words that his pioneering work has been taken on and magnified by our eldest son Charles and his eldest son William – admirably supported by Camilla and Catherine – most recently at the COP climate change summit in Glasgow.

    Next summer, we look forward to the Commonwealth Games. The baton is currently travelling the length and breadth of the Commonwealth, heading towards Birmingham, a beacon of hope on its journey. It will be a chance to celebrate the achievements of athletes and the coming-together of like-minded nations.

    And February, just six weeks from now, will see the start of my Platinum Jubilee year, which I hope will be an opportunity for people everywhere to enjoy a sense of togetherness; a chance to give thanks for the enormous changes of the last seventy years – social, scientific and cultural – and also to look ahead with confidence.

    I am sure someone somewhere today will remark that Christmas is a time for children. It’s an engaging truth, but only half the story. Perhaps it’s truer to say that Christmas can speak to the child within us all. Adults, when weighed down with worries, sometimes fail to see the joy in simple things, where children do not.

    And for me and my family, even with one familiar laugh missing this year, there will be joy in Christmas, as we have the chance to reminisce, and see anew the wonder of the festive season through the eyes of our young children, of whom we were delighted to welcome four more this year.

    They teach us all a lesson – just as the Christmas story does – that in the birth of a child, there is a new dawn with endless potential.

    It is this simplicity of the Christmas story that makes it so universally appealing: simple happenings that formed the starting point of the life of Jesus — a man whose teachings have been handed down from generation to generation, and have been the bedrock of my faith. His birth marked a new beginning. As the carol says, “The hopes and fears of all the years are met in thee tonight”.

    I wish you all a very happy Christmas.

  • HM Queen Elizabeth II – List of State Visits (Outward)

    HM Queen Elizabeth II – List of State Visits (Outward)

    The list of State visits made overseas by HM Queen Elizabeth II (the inward list is here) during her reign (1952-2022).

    OUTBOUND STATE VISITS SINCE 1952

    1. 1955 – Norway – King Haakon VII – June 24-26
    2. 1956 – Sweden – King Gustaf VI – June 8-10
    3. 1957 – Portugal – President Craveiro Lopes – February 18-21
    4. 1957 – France – President René Coty – February 18-21
    5. 1957 – Denmark – King Frederick IX – May 21-23
    6. 1957 – USA – President Eisenhower – October 17-21
    7. 1958 – Netherlands – Queen Juliana – March 25-27
    8. 1961 – Nepal – King Mahendra – February 26 – 1 March
    9. 1961 – Iran – Shahanshah Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlari – March 2-6
    10. 1961 – Italy – President Gronchi – May 2-5
    11. 1961 – Vatican City – Pope John XXIII – May 5
    12. 1961 – Liberia – President Tubman – November 23
    13. 1965 – Ethiopia – Emperor Haile Selassie – February 1-8
    14. 1965 – Sudan – Dr. El Tigani – February 8-12
    15. 1965 – Germany – President Lübke – 18-23 May
    16. 1966 – Belgium – King Badouin and Queen Fabiola – May 9-13
    17. 1968 – Brazil – President de Costa e Silva – November 5-11
    18. 1968 – Chile – President Frei – November 11-18
    19. 1969 – Austria – President Jonas – May 5-10
    20. 1971 – Turkey – President Sunay – October 18-25
    21. 1972 – Thailand – King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit – February 10-15
    22. 1972 – Maldives – President Nasir – March 13-14
    23. 1972 – France – President Pompidou – May 15-19
    24. 1972 – Yugoslavia – President Tito – October 17-21
    25. 1974 – Indonesia – President Soeharto – March 15-22
    26. 1975 – Mexico – President Echeverria – February 24 – March 1
    27. 1975 – Japan – Emperor Hirihito – May 7-12
    28. 1976 – Finland – President Kekkonen – May 25-28
    29. 1976 – USA – President Ford – July 6-11
    30. 1976 – Luxembourg – Grand Duke Jean and Grand Duchess Joséphine – November 8-12
    31. 1978 – Germany – President Scheel – May 22-26
    32. 1979 – Denmark – Queen Margrethe and Prince Henrik – May 16-19
    33. 1979 – Tanzania – President Nyerere – July 19-22
    34. 1979 – Malawi – President Banda – July 22-25
    35. 1979 – Botswana – President Seretse Khama – July 25-27
    36. 1979 – Zambia – President Kuanda – July 27-August 1
    37. 1980 – Switzerland – President Chevallaz – April 29-May 2
    38. 1980 – Italy – President Partini – October 14-17
    39. 1980 – Vatican City – Pope John Paul II – October 17
    40. 1980 – Tunisia – President Bourguiba – October 21-23
    41. 1980 – Algeria – President Chadli – October 25-27
    42. 1980 – Morocco – King Hassan II – October 27-30
    43. 1981 – Norway – King Olav V – May 5-8
    44. 1981 – Sri Lanka – President Jayerwardene – October 21-25
    45. 1983 – Sweden – King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia – May 25-28
    46. 1983 – Kenya – President Arap Moi – November 10-14
    47. 1983 – Bangladesh – President Chowdhury – November 14-17
    48. 1983 – India – President Zail Singh – November 17-26
    49. 1984 – Jordan – King Hussein & Queen Noor – March 26-30
    50. 1985 – Portugal – President & Senhora Eanes – March 25-29
    51. 1986 – Nepal – King Birendra & Queen Aishwarya – February 17-21
    52. 1986 – China – President Li Xiannian – October 12-18
    53. 1988 – Spain – King Juan Carlos & Queen Sofia – October 17-21
    54. 1989 – Singapore – President Wee Kim Wee – October 9-11
    55. 1989 – Malaysia – Yang di-Pertuan Agong Azlan Shah – October 14-17
    56. 1990 – Iceland – President Vigdis Finnbogadottir – June 25-27
    57. 1991 – USA – President Bush
    58. 1991 – Namibia – President Nujoma – October 8-10
    59. 1991 – Zimbabwe – President Mugabe – October 10-15
    60. 1992 – Malta – President Tabone – May 28-30
    61. 1992 – France – President Mitterand – June 9-12
    62. 1992 – Germany – President Von Weizsacker – October 19-23
    63. 1993 – Hungary – President Goncz – May 4-7
    64. 1994 – Russia – President Yeltsin – October 17-20
    65. 1995 – South Africa – President Mandela – March 19-25
    66. 1996 – Poland – President Walesa – March 25-27
    67. 1996 – Czech Republic – President Havel – March 27-29
    68. 1996 – Thailand – King Bhumibol – October 28-November 1
    69. 1997 – Pakistan – President Sharma – October 6-12
    70. 1997 –India – President Naryanan – October 12-18
    71. 1998 – Brunei – Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah – September 17-20
    72. 1998 – Malaysia – Yang di-Pertuan Agong Jaafar – September 20-23
    73. 1999 – South Korea – President Kim Dae-jung – April 19-22
    74. 2000 – Italy – President Ciampi – October 16-19
    75. 2001 – Norway – King Harald V and Queen Sonja – May 30-June 1
    76. 2004 – France – President Jacques Chirac – April 5-7
    77. 2004 – Germany – President Horst Köhler – November 2-4
    78. 2006 – Lithuania – President Adamkus – 16-17 October
    79. 2006 – Latvia – President Vike-Freiberga – 18-19 October
    80. 2006 – Estonia – President Ilves – 19-20 October
    81. 2007 – United States – President George W. Bush – 3-8 May
    82. 2008 – Turkey – President Gül – 13-16 May
    83. 2008 – Slovenia – President Tuerk – 21-22 October
    84. 2008 – Slovakia – President Gašparovič – 23-24 October
    85. 2010 – United Arab Emirates – Emir Khalifa – 24-25 November
    86. 2010 – Oman – Sultan Qaboos 25-28 November
    87. 2011 – Ireland – President McAleese – 17-20 May
    88. 2014 – France – President Hollande – 5–7 June
    89. 2015 – Germany – President Gauck – 24–26 June

  • HM Queen Elizabeth II – List of State Visits (Inward)

    HM Queen Elizabeth II – List of State Visits (Inward)

    A list of State Visits taking place during the reign of HM Queen Elizabeth II (1952-2022). This is the list of inward visits, held in the UK (the outward list is here).

    2019

    USA (United States of America)

    President Donald J. Trump and Mrs Melania Trump
    3-5 June 2019

    2018

    The Netherlands

    Their Majesties The King and Queen of the Netherlands
    23-24 October 2018

    2017

    Spain (the Kingdom of Spain)

    King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia
    12-15 July 2017

    2016

    Colombia

    President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón and Mrs María Clemencia Rodríguez de Santos
    1-3 November 2016

    2015

    China (the People’s Republic of China)

    President Xi Jinping and Madame Peng Liyuan
    20-23 October 2016

    Mexico (the United Mexican States)

    President Enrique Pena Nieto and Señora Angélica Rivera de Peña
    3-5 March 2015

    2014

    Singapore (the Republic of Singapore)

    President Tony Tan Keng Yam and Mrs. Tan Keng Yam
    21-24 October 2014

    Ireland (the Republic of Ireland)

    President Michael D. Higgins and Mrs. Sabina Higgins
    8-11 April 2014

    2013

    South Korea (the Republic of Korea)

    President Park Geun-hye
    5-7 November 2013

    UAE (United Arab Emirates)

    President Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
    30 April – 1 May 2013

    2012

    Kuwait (the State of Kuwait)

    Amir Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmed Al Sabah
    27-29 November 2012

    Indonesia (the Republic of Indonesia)

    President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Mrs. Yudohoyono
    31 October – 2 November 2012

    2011

    Turkey

    President Abdullah Gül and Mrs. Gül
    22-24 November 2011

    USA (United States of America)

    President Barack Obama and Mrs. Obama
    24-26 May 2011

    2010

    Qatar (the State of Qatar)

    Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani and Sheikha Mozah Bint Nasser AlMissned
    26-28 November 2010

    South Africa (the Republic of South Africa)

    President Jacob Zuma and Mrs. Zuma
    3-5 March 2010

    2009

    India (the Republic of India)

    President Pratibha Devisingh Patil and Dr. Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat
    27-29 October 2009

    Mexico (the United Mexican States)

    President Felipe Calderón and Señora Zavala
    30 March-2 April 2009

    2008

    France (the French Republic)

    President and Madame Nicolas Sarkozy
    26-27 March 2008

    2007

    Saudi Arabia (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

    King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud
    30 October-1 November 2007

    Ghana (the Republic of Ghana)

    President John Kufuor and Mrs. Kufuor
    13-15 March 2007

    2006

    Brazil (the Federative Republic of Brazil)

    President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Senhora Lula da Silva
    7-9 March 2006

    2005

    China (the People’s Republic of China)

    President Hu Jintao and Madame Liu Yongqing
    8-10 November 2005

    Italy (the Italian Republic)

    President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi and Signora Ciampi
    15-18 March 2005

    2004

    South Korea (the Republic of Korea)

    President Roh Moo-hyun and Mrs. Roh Moo-hyun
    1-3 December 2004

    Poland (the Republic of Poland)

    President Aleksander Kwaśniewski and Mrs. Kwaśniewska
    5-7 May 2004

    2003

    USA (the United States of America)

    President George Bush and Mrs. Bush
    18-21 November 2003

    Russia (the Russian Federation)

    President Vladimir Putin and Mrs. Putina
    24-27 June 2003

    2001

    Jordan (the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)

    King Abdullah II and Queen Rania
    6-9 November 2001

    South Africa (the Republic of South Africa)
    President Thabo Mbeki and Mrs. Mbeki
    12-15 June 2001

    2000

    Denmark

    Queen Margrethe II and Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark
    16-18 February 2000

    1999

    China (the People’s Republic of China)

    President Jiang Zemin and Madame Wang Yeping
    19-22 October 1999

    Hungary (the Republic of Hungary)

    President Árpád Göncz and Mrs. Göncz
    22-25 June 1999

    1998

    Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany)

    President Roman Herzog and Frau Herzog
    1-4 December 1998

    Japan

    Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko
    26-29 May 1998

    1997

    Brazil (the Federative Republic of Brazil)

    President Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Senhora Cardoso
    2-5 December 1997

    Israel (the State of Israel)

    President Ezer Weizman and Mrs. Weizman
    25-28 February 1997

    1996

    South Africa (the Republic of South Africa)

    President Nelson Mandela
    9-12 July 1996

    France (the French Republic)

    President Jacques Chirac and Madame Chirac
    14-17 May 1996

    1995

    Finland (the Republic of Finland)

    President Martti Ahtisaari and Madame Ahtisaari
    17-20 October 1995

    Kuwait (the State of Kuwait)

    Amir Shaikh Jabir al Ahmed Jabir al Sabah
    23-26 May 1995

    1994

    Norway

    King Harald V and Queen Sonja
    5-8 July 1994

    Zimbabwe (the Republic of Zimbabwe)

    President Robert Mugabe
    17-20 May 1994

    1993

    Malaysia

    The Yang di-Pertuan Agong and The Raja Permaisuri Agong
    9-12 November 1993

    Portugal (the Portuguese Republic)

    President Mário Soares and Senhora Soares
    27-30 April 1993

    1992

    Brunei Darassalam

    The Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei Darussalam and The Raja Isteri
    3-6 November 1992

    1991

    Egypt (the Arab Republic of Egypt)

    President Hosni Mubarak and Mrs. Mubarak
    23-26 July 1991

    Poland (the Republic of Poland)

    President Lech Walęsa and Mrs. Walęsa
    23-26 April 1991

    1990

    Italy (the Italian Republic)

    President Francesco Cossiga
    23-26 October 1990

    India (the Republic of India)

    President Ramaswamy Venkataraman and Shrimali Venkataraman
    3-6 April 1990

    1989

    Nigeria (the Federal Republic of Nigeria)

    President and Mrs. Babangida
    9-12 May 1989

    UAE (The United Arab Emirates)

    President Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
    18-21 July 1989

    1988

    Senegal (the Republic of Senegal)

    President Abdou Diouf and Madame Diouf
    8-11 November 1988

    Turkey (the Republic of Turkey)

    President Kenan Evren
    12-15 July 1988

    Norway

    King Olav V
    12-15 April 1988

    1987

    Morocco (the Kingdom of Morocco)

    King Hassan II
    14-17 July 1987

    Saudi Arabia (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

    King Fahd
    24-27 March 1987

    1986

    Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany)

    President Richard von Weizsäcker and Freifrau von Weizsacker
    1-4 July 1986

    Spain (the Kingdom of Spain)

    King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia
    22-25 April 1986

    1985

    Qatar (the State of Qatar)

    Amir Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al-Thani
    12-15 November 1985

    Mexico

    President Miguel de la Madrid and Señora de la Madrid
    11-14 June 1985

    Malawi (the Republic of Malawi)

    Life President Hastings Banda
    16-19 April 1985

    1984

    France (the French Republic)

    President François Mitterand and Madame Mitterand
    23-26 October 1984

    Bahrain(the State of Bahrain)

    Amir Shaikh Isa bin Sulman Al Khalifa
    10-13 April 1984

    1983

    Zambia (the Republic of Zambia)

    President Kenneth Kaunda and Mrs. Kaunda
    22-25 March 1983

    1982

    Netherlands (the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

    Queen Beatrix and Prince Claus
    16-19 November 1982

    Oman (the State of Oman)

    Sultan Qaboos Bin Al Said
    16-19 March 1982

    1981

    Saudi Arabia (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

    King Khaled
    9-12 June 1981

    Nigeria (the Federal Republic of Nigeria)

    President Shehu Shagari
    17-20 March 1981

    1980

    Nepal (the Kingdom of Nepal)

    King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya
    18-21 November 1980

    1979

    Indonesia (the Republic of Indonesia)

    President Suharto and Madame Tien Soeharto
    13-16 November 1979

    Kenya (the Republic of Kenya)

    President Daniel Arap Moi
    12-15 June 1979

    1978

    Portugal (the Republic of Portugal)

    President António Eanes and Senhora Eanes
    14-17 November 1978

    Romania (the Socialist Republic of Romania)

    President Nicolae Ceauşescu and Madame Ceauşescu
    13-16 June 1978

    1976

    France (the French Republic)

    President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing and Madame d’Estaing
    22-25 June 1976

    Brazil (the Federative Republic of Brazil)

    President Ernesto Geisel and Senhora Geisel
    4-7 May 1976

    1975

    Tanzania (the United Republic of Tanzania)

    President Nyerere
    18-21 November 1975

    Sweden

    King Carl XVI Gustaf
    8-11 July 1975

    1974

    Malaysia

    The Yang di-Pertuan Agong and The Raja Permaisuri Agong
    9-12 July 1974

    Denmark

    Queen Margrethe II and Prince Consort Henrik
    30 April – 3 May 1974

    1973

    Zaire (the Republic of Zaire)

    President Mobuto Sese Seko and Madame Mobutu
    11-14 December 1973

    Nigeria (the Federal Republic of Nigeria)

    Head of the Federal Military Government General Yakubu Gowon and Mrs. Gowon
    12-15 June 1973

    Mexico

    President Luis Echeverría and Señora de Echeverría
    3-6 April 1973

    1972

    Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany)

    President Gustav Heinemann and Frau Heinemann
    24-27 October 1972

    Luxembourg (the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg)

    Grand Duke Jean and Grand Duchess Joséphine Charlotte
    13-16 June 1972

    Netherlands (the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

    Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard
    11-15 June 1972

    1971

    Afghanistan

    King Mohammed Zahir Shah, Princess Bilquis and General Sardar Abdul Wali
    7-10 December 1971

    Japan

    Emperor Hirohito and Empress Nagako
    5-8 October 1971

    1969

    Finland (the Republic of Finland)

    President Urho Kekkonen and Madame Kekkonen
    15-20 July 1969

    Italy (the Italian Republic)

    President Saragat and Signora Santacatterina
    22-30 April 1969

    1967

    Turkey (the Republic of Turkey)

    President Cevdet Sunay and Madame Sunay
    1-8 November 1967

    Saudi Arabia (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

    King Faisal
    9-17 May 1967

    1966

    Pakistan (the Republic of Pakistan)

    President Ayub Khan
    17-25 November 1966

    Jordan (the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)

    King Hussein and The Princess Muna al Hussein
    19-28 July 1966

    Austria (the Republic of Austria)

    Federal President Franz Jonas and Frau Jonas
    17-21 May 1966

    1965

    Chile

    President Eduardo Frei and Señora de Frei
    13-17 July 1965

    1964

    Sudan (the Republic of Sudan)

    President Ferik Ibrahim Abbood
    26 May – 4 June 1964

    1963

    Greece (Kingdom of the Hellenes)

    King Paul I and Queen Frederika
    9-12 July 1963

    India

    President Sarvepalli Radharkrishnan
    12-23 June 1963

    Belgium

    King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola
    14-17 May 1963

    Norway

    King Olav V
    16-19 October 1963

    1962

    Liberia (the Republic of Liberia)

    President Martin Tubman and Mrs. Tubman
    10-13 July 1962

    1960

    Nepal (the Kingdom of Nepal)

    King Mahendra and Queen Ratna
    17-20 October 1960

    Thailand (Kingdom of Thailand)

    King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit
    19-21 July 1960

    France (the French Republic)

    President Charles de Gaulle and Madame de Gaulle
    5-8 April 1960

    1959

    Iran

    The Shahanshah
    5-8 May 1959

    1958

    Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany)

    President Theodor Heuss
    21-23 October 1958

    Italy (the Italian Republic)

    President Giovanni Gronchi and Signora Gronchi
    13-16 May 1958

    1956

    Iraq

    King Feisal
    16-19 July 1956

    1955

    Portugal (the Portuguese Republic)

    President Francisco Craveiro Lopes and Madame Craveiro Lopes
    25-28 October 1955

    1954

    Ethiopia

    Emperor Haile Selassie
    14-16 October 1954

    Sweden

    King Gustaf VI Adolf and Queen Louise
    28 June-1 July 1954

  • Queen Elizabeth II – 2022 Queen’s Speech

    Queen Elizabeth II – 2022 Queen’s Speech

    The speech made by HM Queen Elizabeth II in the House of Lords on 28 April 2022.

    My Lords and Members of the House of Commons

    My Government has acted to address the unprecedented issues the United Kingdom has faced, from the global pandemic to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. As the nation has recovered from COVID-19, my Ministers have taken action to build a strong and prosperous United Kingdom. My Government has continued to address the impact of the pandemic on business and the NHS and to level up opportunities, jobs and growth across the country. My Ministers also worked with international partners to protect and promote freedom and democracy across the globe.

    My Ministers continued to implement the Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy. My Government invested further in our gallant Armed Forces, spending more money last year than in any of the past thirty years. It has also worked with international partners to support the people of Ukraine and respond to the crisis. Legislation was passed to tackle economic crime and ensure transparency in property ownership. My Ministers also ensured that punitive sanctions were imposed on individuals and organisations undermining the territorial integrity of Ukraine.

    My Government has taken forward a programme of modernisation for the Armed Forces and reinforced the United Kingdom’s commitment to NATO. My Ministers honoured and strengthened the Armed Forces Covenant, placing it in law. Measures were introduced to provide relief from National Insurance contributions for employers of veterans.

    My Government took action to protect the health of the nation. The vaccination programme delivered over 140 million doses and additional funding was provided to support the NHS. Legislation was passed to empower the NHS to innovate and reduce bureaucracy. As a result, patients will receive more tailored care, closer to home. My Ministers set out proposals to secure the long term funding of adult social care.

    Building on the success of the vaccination programme and new ways of funding research and innovation, my Ministers oversaw the fastest ever increase in public funding for research and development. This will support pioneering new treatments against diseases such as cancer and secure jobs and investment across the country.

    My Government introduced measures to increase the safety and security of its citizens.

    Legislation strengthened police powers to tackle crime and disorder, increased sentences for the most serious and violent offenders and ensured the timely administration of justice. Measures were passed to establish an immigration system that strengthens the United Kingdom’s borders and deters criminals who facilitate dangerous and illegal journeys.

    My Government introduced legislation that will ensure internet safety for all, especially for children, while harnessing the benefits of a free, open and secure internet. Legislation was passed to better protect digital infrastructure.

    My Government invested in new green industries to create jobs, while protecting the environment. The United Kingdom hosted the COP26 Summit in Glasgow. Legislation was passed that will set binding environmental targets.

    My Government strengthened economic ties across the union. My Ministers invested in improvements to national infrastructure and brought forward measures to strengthen connectivity by rail. Measures to extend mobile coverage and gigabit capable broadband were introduced.

    Legislation was passed to encourage investment and competition across the United Kingdom and drive economic growth. Legislation established a new approach to the recognition of professional qualifications, supporting international trade. My Government has created new freeports, which will drive regeneration by bringing investment, trade and jobs. My Ministers delivered legislation to increase the National Insurance starting thresholds, benefitting almost thirty million people.

    My Government took action to address lost learning during the pandemic and ensure every child has a high quality education. Legislation was passed to support a lifetime skills guarantee to enable flexible access to high quality education and training throughout people’s lives.

    My Government helped more people to achieve home ownership. The practice of charging ground rents was ended for most new leasehold properties. My Ministers delivered legislation to ensure that the tragedies of the past are never repeated by establishing in law a new Building Safety Regulator.

    My Government reduced bureaucracy for the voluntary sector, enabling charities to focus on their core work. Legislation was passed to ensure that more dormant assets can be released, so funds can help those in need.

    My Government strengthened and renewed democracy and the constitution. Legislation was passed to ensure the integrity of elections and restore the balance of power between the executive, legislature and the courts. Measures were brought forward to protect the freedom of speech in higher education. My Ministers promoted the strength and integrity of the union. Laws were passed to strengthen the devolved Government in Northern Ireland.

    The United Kingdom hosted the G7 Summit and supported the global effort to secure a robust economic recovery from the pandemic. My Government has committed £1.4 billion of aid to the international effort to tackle the pandemic. My Ministers deepened trade ties around the world, beginning negotiations on trade deals with India and Canada, and negotiations to accede to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.

    My Government continued to provide aid where it had the greatest impact on alleviating human suffering, promoting global prosperity, and upholding human rights and democracy. While holding the Presidency of the G7, my Ministers led a global effort to get forty million more girls across the world into school and twenty million more girls reading by 2026. The United Kingdom has supported countries globally to provide clean and reliable infrastructure through British Investment Partnerships, helping countries to build back after the challenges in recent years.

    Members of the House of Commons

    I thank you for the provisions which you have made for the work and dignity of the Crown and for the public services.

    My Lords and Members of the House of Commons

    I pray that the blessing of Almighty God may rest upon your counsels.

  • HM Queen Elizabeth II – 2022 Statement on Prince Andrew

    HM Queen Elizabeth II – 2022 Statement on Prince Andrew

    The statement made by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 13 January 2022.

    With The Queen’s approval and agreement, The Duke of York’s military affiliations and Royal patronages have been returned to The Queen.

    The Duke of York will continue not to undertake any public duties and is defending this case as a private citizen.

  • Queen Elizabeth II – 2021 Queen’s Speech

    Queen Elizabeth II – 2021 Queen’s Speech

    The Queen’s Speech made in the House of Lords by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 11 May 2021.

    My Lords and Members of the House of Commons

    My Government’s priority is to deliver a national recovery from the pandemic that makes the United Kingdom stronger, healthier and more prosperous than before.

    To achieve this, my Government will level up opportunities across all parts of the United Kingdom, supporting jobs, businesses and economic growth and addressing the impact of the pandemic on public services.

    My Government will protect the health of the nation, continuing the vaccination programme and providing additional funding to support the NHS. My Ministers will bring forward legislation to empower the NHS to innovate and embrace technology. Patients will receive more tailored and preventative care, closer to home. Measures will be brought forward to support the health and wellbeing of the nation, including to tackle obesity and improve mental health. Proposals on social care reform will be brought forward.

    My Government will build on the success of the vaccination programme to lead the world in life sciences, pioneering new treatments against diseases like cancer and securing jobs and investment across the country.

    My Ministers will oversee the fastest ever increase in public funding for research and development and pass legislation to establish an advanced research agency.

    Following the unprecedented support provided to businesses during the pandemic, proposals will be brought forward to create and support jobs and improve regulation.

    My Government will strengthen the economic ties across the union, investing in and improving national infrastructure. Proposals will be taken forward to transform connectivity by rail and bus and to extend 5G mobile coverage and gigabit capable broadband.

    Legislation will support a lifetime skills guarantee to enable flexible access to high quality education and training throughout people’s lives.

    Measures will be introduced to ensure that support for businesses reflects the United Kingdom’s strategic interests and drives economic growth. Laws will simplify procurement in the public sector. Eight new freeports will create hubs for trade and help regenerate communities.

    My Government will ensure that the public finances are returned to a sustainable path once the economic recovery is secure.

    Measures will be brought forward to ensure that children have the best start in life, prioritising their early years. My Ministers will address lost learning during the pandemic and ensure every child has a high quality education and is able to fulfil their potential.

    My Government will help more people to own their own home whilst enhancing the rights of those who rent. Laws to modernise the planning system, so that more homes can be built, will be brought forward, along with measures to end the practice of ground rents for new leasehold properties. My Ministers will establish in law a new Building Safety Regulator to ensure that the tragedies of the past are never repeated.

    Measures will be brought forward to address racial and ethnic disparities and ban conversion therapy.

    Legislation will support the voluntary sector by reducing unnecessary bureaucracy and releasing additional funds for good causes.

    My Government will invest in new green industries to create jobs, while protecting the environment. The United Kingdom is committed to achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and will continue to lead the way internationally by hosting the COP26 Summit in Glasgow. Legislation will set binding environmental targets. Legislation will also be brought forward to ensure the United Kingdom has, and promotes, the highest standards of animal welfare.

    My Government will strengthen and renew democracy and the constitution. Legislation will be introduced to ensure the integrity of elections, protect freedom of speech and restore the balance of power between the executive, legislature and the courts. My Ministers will promote the strength and integrity of the union. Measures will be brought forward to strengthen devolved Government in Northern Ireland and address the legacy of the past.

    My Government will introduce measures to increase the safety and security of its citizens.

    Legislation will increase sentences for the most serious and violent offenders and ensure the timely administration of justice. Proposals will be brought forward to address violence, including against women and girls, and to support victims. Measures will be brought forward to establish a fairer immigration system that strengthens the United Kingdom’s borders and deters criminals who facilitate dangerous and illegal journeys.

    My Government will lead the way in ensuring internet safety for all, especially for children, whilst harnessing the benefits of a free, open and secure internet.

    My Ministers will provide our gallant Armed Forces with the biggest spending increase in thirty years, taking forward their programme of modernisation and reinforcing the United Kingdom’s commitment to NATO. My Ministers will honour and strengthen the Armed Forces Covenant, placing it in law. Measures will be introduced to provide National Insurance contribution relief for employers of veterans.

    Legislation will be introduced to counter hostile activity by foreign states. My Ministers will implement the Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy.

    The United Kingdom will host the G7 Summit and lead the global effort to secure a robust economic recovery from the pandemic. My Ministers will deepen trade ties in the Gulf, Africa and the Indo-Pacific.

    My Government will continue to provide aid where it has the greatest impact on reducing poverty and alleviating human suffering. My Government will uphold human rights and democracy across the world. It will take forward a global effort to get 40 million girls across the world into school.

    Members of the House of Commons

    Estimates for the public services will be laid before you.

    My Lords and Members of the House of Commons

    Other measures will be laid before you.

    I pray that the blessing of Almighty God may rest upon your counsels.