Tag: 100 Years Ago

1 MAY 1925

Replying in the House of Commons to critics of his Budget, Mr Churchill referred to the high rate of unemployment and to the joint burden placed on industry by the pensions scheme and unemployment insurance. The Chancellor remarked that it was in the interests of Trade Unionists and employers to make sure that there was not growing up a general habit of learning how to qualify for unemployment insurance—an observation which raised a storm of protest from the Socialist benches. Mr Churchill said he had nothing to withdraw, and endeavoured to continue his speech, but his interruptors refused to listen to him. A division on the Prime Minister’s motion for the closure was challenged but not persisted in, and the Budget resolutions were adopted.

In the House of Commons Captain Foxcroft asked the Home Secretary whether, in view of the continued Bolshevist propaganda and the Communist outrages abroad, the Government would consider the deportation of such Russian Communists as are known plotters against Britain. Replying in the absence of his chief, the Under-Secretary for Home Affairs said the recent happenings abroad had not been overlooked, and all necessary steps had been taken to safeguard the interest of the country.

In the House of Lords the Agricultural Returns Bill and the Importation of Pedigree Animals Bill were read a second time.

The Prince of Wales was received with great cordiality on landing at Cape Town.

Captain Amundsen, in a wireless message from King’s Bay, Spitsbergen, gives further details of his preparations for the Polar flight. He refers to the Macmillan and Algarsson expeditions, and says: “We have little fear of being forestalled in the race for the Pole.”

30 APRIL 1925

In the House of Lords the Duke of York attended for the first time during this Parliament, and took the oath.

The debate on the Budget was continued by Mr Philip Snowden, Sir Robert Horne, and Sir Alfred Mond.

A resolution expressing concern at the state of the fishing industry in Great Britain, and urging Government assistance, was discussed in the House of Commons and agreed to.

Mr Austen Chamberlain, in a reply to Colonel Wedgwood in the House of Commons regarding the Bulgarian situation, said that His Majesty’s Government had not ceased to warn the Bulgarian Government against any acts of indiscriminate expression of constitutional opposition. The Bulgarian Government were fully aware of the views of His Majesty’s Government and of the unfortunate effect any such policy of reprisals would have upon public opinion in this country.

Mr Austen Chamberlain, replying to questions in the House of Commons, said that he could not state approximately the date when the evacuation of Cologne would take place. He denied that the evacuation was being postponed until the Security Pact negotiations were brought forward.

Dr Luther, the German Chancellor, addressing a meeting of business men in Berlin, expressed the hope that the Allies would no longer hesitate to remove the injustice done by not making known the reasons for the non-evacuation of the Cologne zone. The whole of European politics was suffering from the delay in this question. He added that in the interest of all European nations the German Government could co-operate in the removal of the continued international tension. The standpoint of the German Government in the security question remained unchanged.

29 APRIL 1925

In the House of Commons Mr Churchill introduced his Budget, the main features of which include a return to the gold standard, a reduction of 6d. in the Income-tax, provision for pensions for widows and orphans, earlier Old Age pensions, higher death duties, and lower Super-tax. The McKenna duties are to be restored, and there are proposals for Imperial Preference.

The report of the Committee on the Gold Standard, to which the Chancellor of the Exchequer referred in his Budget speech, has been issued.

A Washington telegram says the announcement that the gold basis is being restored in England is gladly received by Treasury officials.

The Commonwealth has issued a proclamation that Australia is returning to free export of gold concurrently with Britain. Mr Bruce, the Premier, announces that it is not intended to substitute gold for notes as internal currency.

Holland has returned to the gold standard.

In the House of Lords the Licensing (Scotland) Bill passed second reading by 33 votes to 23. Lord Salisbury, who voted for the measure, said he could not promise Government support any further, as they could not suspend the 1913 Act by a private member’s Bill.

28 APRIL 1925

While there is apprehension that the election of Field-Marshal von Hindenburg to the Presidency portends a revival of militarism and monarchism in Germany, the belief is held by the Republican parties that Hindenburg will make no disturbing changes in foreign policy. France, however, is anxious, and Mr J. W. Gerard, American Ambassador in Berlin during the war, commenting on the result of the election, describes it as a danger to world peace.

The Earl of Balfour is to join the Cabinet as Lord President of the Council, in succession to the late Lord Curzon. The Marquis of Salisbury will be the Leader of the House of Lords.

This is Budget day. At a special meeting of the Cabinet Mr Churchill, it is understood, explained his proposals to his colleagues.

Sir Alfred Mond, speaking at Chelmsford, defended his proposals for the relief of unemployed, and said he would allow nobody to get in the way of his scheme being tried if he could help it.

Mr W. Dobbie, President of the National Union of Railwaymen, predicted a labour crisis on the railways when the companies rejected the men’s demands.

The National Joint Emergency Commission had a meeting with the building employers and workers over Summer Time hours and reached a decision (not yet published) which it is hoped will end the existing difficulties.

Mr Coppock, the secretary of the National Federation of Building Trade Operatives, said in London that his Federation were prepared to give Lord Weir the opportunity to erect his houses if he paid the price for the labour he used.

27 APRIL 1925

Hindenburg has been elected German President.

Communists at Plevna, in Bulgaria, have burned down the theatre and the municipal library there.

Speaking at the funeral of the victims of the Communist outrage in Paris, M. Millerand said that Republican France, after having repulsed the enemy from outside, was not going to tolerate civil war.

Anzac Day was observed in Australia and New Zealand. A special service of commemoration was held in London.

A memorial to the men of the Royal Naval Division who fell in the Great War was unveiled on the Horse Guards’ Parade, London. An address was delivered by the Right Hon. Winston Churchill.

“I can promise those who criticise that before the end of the year we shall have made quite a satisfactory start with the reforms we mean to carry out before we leave office in some four or five years’ time,” said the Premier, addressing the annual meeting of the Bewdley Division Unionist Association at Worcester. After weathering the trade crisis the country would emerge better, stronger, and sounder.

The King and Queen received a warm welcome in the streets of London on their homecoming.

Lord Weir and Sir John Gilmour took part in the formal opening at Newton-Stewart of the first municipal housing scheme of the Weir type completed in Great Britain. Lord Weir said Newton-Stewart had shown a progressive spirit in breaking away from tradition and a departure from the past rigidity of practice which ought to be an example to other communities.

26 APRIL 1925

Stanley Baldwin, the Prime Minister, made a speech to the Worcester Unionist Association where he made reference to communist extremists wanting to destabilise the economy. He added that Winston Churchill’s budget would be interesting and he added of his concern about peace in Europe.

The King and Queen returned to London following their cruise to the Mediterranean.

25 APRIL 1925

On their return from the Mediterranean the King and Queen visited Paris incognito, and were entertained at luncheon by President Doumergue. His Majesty subsequently decorated M. Painlevé, and placed a wreath on the tomb of the Unknown Warrior at the Arc de Triomphe. The Queen paid a private visit to the Musée Carnavalet.

A resolution approving of the Liberal Million Fighting Fund, and a statement of Liberal principles and aims relating to Scottish problems were discussed at a Scottish Convention of Liberals held in Edinburgh.

Speaking at a Liberal demonstration in Edinburgh, Sir John Simon characterised the policy of the Labour party in regard to temperance, armaments, and fiscal policy as mistaken, and in referring to the land problem said he was unable to see how, on the principles of the Conservative party or of Socialists, a practical policy of land reform could be framed.

In endorsing the Weir scheme of steel houses to help to meet the housing shortage, the Court of Inquiry, which was appointed to inquire into the threatened disputes in connection with the erection of steel houses, states that Messrs Weir have devised a way of supplementing the supply of houses by utilising the methods of the engineering trade just as that trade in the production of motor vehicles or of steel bridges supplemented the supply of vehicles and bridges formerly produced by skilled wheelwrights and masons respectively.

The Earl of Balfour arrived in London from Palestine, and was greeted at the Victoria Station with the cheers of about 1000 Zionists.

The German Presidential election takes place to-morrow. A Berlin telegram predicts that the fight between Marx and Hindenburg will be close and thrilling.

24 APRIL 1925

The memorial commemorating the storming of the Mole and the blocking of the channel at Zeebrugge by British naval forces was unveiled by the King of the Belgians. Many wounded survivors of the exploit were carried across the narrow seas to witness the ceremony.

A plan to meet foreign competition in the engineering trade, and to come to an arrangement with the employees on the question of wages, was outlined in a letter by the Engineering and Allied Employers’ National Federation which was read to a conference of the Unions in London considering the men’s wage claims.

The full Executive of the Miners’ Federation will meet at their headquarters in London to-day to receive a report from the miners’ representatives on the Joint Sub-Committee which has been inquiring with the coalowners into the position of the industry.

The five members of the British Fascisti alleged to have been concerned with the kidnapping at Liverpool of Mr Pollitt, the Communist, were tried at Liverpool and acquitted.

Captain Wedgwood Benn, M.P., at a meeting in Leith, spoke of the trend of the Trade Union and Labour movements. It was, he said, for Trade Unionists to consider what was to be their attitude towards that new movement from Moscow, the watchwords of which were class war, dictatorship, and revolution.

23 APRIL 1925

The trial at Leipzig of Communist leaders charged with murder and conspiracy to overthrow the German Republic by violence has concluded. The three chief accused have been sentenced to death, and others to terms of penal servitude, varying from 15 years to 6 months.

The Conference of Ambassadors has sanctioned the request of Bulgaria for permission to increase the militia in the present emergency.

The General Council of the Trade Union Congress resumed consideration of the report of a sub-committee which recently met representatives of the Russian Trade Unions. The sub-committee, it will be recalled, decided favourably on proposals of co-operation for the promotion of international unity and for the setting up of a Joint Advisory Council between the Trade Union organisations of Great Britain and Russia. The General Council agreed to ratify the recommendations and principles embodied in the chairman’s report.

The Irish Free State Budget was introduced in the Dail. The Minister for Finance, in introducing the Budget, stated that the experiment in protection had been satisfactory, stimulating the industries protected to a remarkable degree.

The arguments were concluded in the case in which an appeal was made against the detention of an Irish prisoner in Maidstone Jail. In giving judgement, the Lord Chief Justice said the order was lawfully and properly made, the detention was lawful, and the rule must be discharged with costs.

The Lord Advocate referred to the Prime Minister’s appeal for peace, in industry at a meeting in Broxburn, describing it as an effort to create an atmosphere in which the employers and employed might come together to find a way out of present difficulties. Mr James Kidd, M.P. for West Lothian, who also addressed the meeting, referred to the growing divisions in the ranks of the Socialist party.

Sir A. Mond, M.P., in a pamphlet, outlines his scheme of subsidised industry for remedying unemployment.

Dr G. E. Spero, late Liberal M.P. for Stoke Newington, has left the Liberal party.

22 APRIL 1925

Captain Yankoff, another of the leading Communist conspirators in Bulgaria, was killed by the police after resisting capture. An attempt to blow up the International Balkan Express near the Serbo-Bulgar frontier was frustrated by soldiers, who discovered the mine laid on the railroad.

The Japanese steamer Raifuku Maru has been lost, with 38 lives, off the coast of Nova Scotia.

Colonel the Hon. F. S. Jackson, chairman of the Unionist Party Organisation, speaking at Hull, said he would be disappointed—along with the country and the government—if, before the end of the present year, they had not produced legislation of a far-reaching character. He believed it would be possible to introduce “all-in” insurance legislation, and that provision should be made for widows and orphans.

Notices were posted at the London and North-Eastern Railway locomotive shops at Gateshead announcing that from Saturday next, the shops will be closed on Saturday mornings until further notice. Two thousand men and boys are employed. An official statement has been issued regarding the company’s measures for the reduction of working costs.

Sir Alfred Mond, addressing his constituents at Llandovery, contended that his scheme to subsidise employers to take on the unemployed would end the vicious circle in which society was trapped, maintain stable social order, and deprive the Communist of his most fruitful ground for propaganda.

The latest unemployment figures show an increase of 38,417.

Lieutenant-General Sir J. A. L. Haldane has been promoted to the rank of general, succeeding the late General Lord Rawlinson.