Category: Press Releases

  • PRESS RELEASE : New UK sanctions to crack down on Putin’s war machine [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : New UK sanctions to crack down on Putin’s war machine [June 2024]

    The press release issued by the Foreign Office on 13 June 2024.

    UK announces 50 new sanctions designations and specifications to degrade Putin’s war machine, in co-ordinated action with G7 partners to support Ukraine.

    New targets include ships in Putin’s shadow fleet, institutions at the heart of Russia’s financial system and suppliers supporting Russia’s military production.

    These new sanctions, announced while the Prime Minister attends the G7 Leaders Summit in Italy, will bear down on Russia’s ability to fund and equip its war machine and show the UK’s steadfast support for Ukraine.

    Today’s action includes the UK’s first sanctions targeting vessels in Putin’s shadow fleet, used by Russia to circumvent UK and G7 sanctions and continue unfettered trade in Russian oil.

    As part of its enduring commitment to the region, the UK has today committed to providing £242m in bilateral assistance to Ukraine, to support immediate humanitarian, energy and stabilisation needs, and is also working with counterparts to agree a mechanism to bring forward the extraordinary profits stemming from immobilized Russian sovereign assets to the benefit of Ukraine.

    Russia’s oil exports are Putin’s most critical revenue source for funding his illegal war in Ukraine. Tax on oil production collected by the Kremlin in 2023 amounted to 8.9 trillion roubles, or 31% of Russia’s total federal revenues. Today’s sanctions aim to disrupt and increase the costs of Russia’s efforts to bypass UK and G7 sanctions through its shadow fleet.

    These new sanctions also target suppliers of munitions, machine tools, microelectronics, and logistics to Russia’s military, including entities based in China, Israel, Kyrgyzstan and Türkiye, along with ships which transport military goods from North Korea to Russia.

    In addition, this new package cracks down on institutions at the heart of Russia’s financial system, including the Moscow Stock Exchange. This action is taken in coordination with the US, which designated the Moscow Stock Exchange on 12 June.

    Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said:

    The UK will always stand shoulder to shoulder with Ukraine in its fight for freedom.

    Today we are once more ramping up economic pressure through sanctions to bear down on Russia’s ability to fund its war machine. Putin must lose, and cutting off his ability to fund a prolonged conflict is absolutely vital.

    Foreign Secretary, David Cameron said:

    UK sanctions are starving Putin of the revenue he desperately needs to fund his war chest and making it harder to supply his war machine.

    We will continue to work alongside our partners to increase economic pressure and demonstrate that the UK and the G7 will stand by Ukraine in this fight.

    So far, sanctions have deprived Russia of over $400bn worth of assets and revenues since February 2022. That’s equivalent to four more years of funding for the invasion. The UK has sanctioned over 2,000 individuals and entities under our Russia sanctions regime.

    This includes 29 banks accounting for over 90% of the Russian banking sector and over 130 oligarchs and family members who had a combined net worth around £147 billion at the time of the invasion. Over £20 billion of UK-Russia bilateral trade (2021 figures) is now under full or partial sanction. There has been a 99% fall in Russian imports into the UK, and a 73% fall in UK exports to Russia.

  • PRESS RELEASE : The international community is united in dedication to Ukraine’s recovery: UK statement to the OSCE [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : The international community is united in dedication to Ukraine’s recovery: UK statement to the OSCE [June 2024]

    The press release issued by the Foreign Office on 13 June 2024.

    Ambassador Neil Holland says that the recent Ukraine Recovery Conference in Berlin shows that the international community is committed to supporting Ukraine to win the peace and build back better and stronger.

    Thank you, Madam Chair. The UK continues to be appalled by developments on the ground in Ukraine and we reiterate our determination to ensure full accountability for those responsible. But today I would like to note some optimism emerging from the embers of Russia’s illegal war. This week Germany and Ukraine have co-hosted the 2024 Ukraine Recovery Conference. Governments and business leaders from around the world have given Ukraine an unwavering vote of confidence.

    We were proud to co-host the last Recovery Conference in London last year. It engaged and mobilised partners across the international community and the private sector in support of Ukraine and announced $60bn to support Ukraine’s recovery.

    This year’s conference in Berlin has showcased Ukrainian reform progress and economic resilience. It has addressed critical areas such as energy, infrastructure, housing, and climate protection. And it has highlighted healthcare, education, environment, and gender-related aspects of the recovery challenge. It has integrated cross-cutting issues like macro-economic stability and security.

    Of course, it is deeply regrettable that Russia’s war of aggression has made these commitments necessary. As of 31 December 2023, the World Bank has calculated that the total cost of reconstruction and recovery in Ukraine will be $486 billion over the next decade, up from an estimated $411bn the year before. The scale of the challenge is real and colossal. But it is surpassed by the collective resolve of Ukraine’s supporters. And by the spirit of a vibrant, dynamic, creative, European country that refuses to be subdued.

    This week in Berlin the international community has stood united in dedication to Ukraine’s swift recovery and long-term reconstruction. As the UK Foreign Secretary said “Unleashing Ukraine’s potential – that is our shared goal”. That is why the UK, and our international partners, will continue to support Ukraine to win the peace so they can build back, better and stronger.

    Madam Chair, could I also take this opportunity to note the prisoner exchange announced on 31 May. That this took place was encouraging, but we were horrified at the condition of the released Ukrainian prisoners in the images that followed. I therefore reiterate my call from 23 May on Russia to abide by the laws of conflict that it helped draft.

    Thank you.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Media Freedom remains a vital component of shared security: UK statement to the OSCE [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : Media Freedom remains a vital component of shared security: UK statement to the OSCE [June 2024]

    The press release issued by the Foreign Office on 13 June 2024.

    Ambassador Neil Holland recalls the vital contribution of media freedom to security in the OSCE region, and calls on Russia and Belarus to live up to their OSCE commitments.

    Thank you Madam Chair, and welcome back to the Permanent Council Madam Representative, dear Teresa. Thank you for your detailed report and your broader reflections on the Helsinki Spirit. The UK commends your personal commitment to upholding your mandate at a time of increasing challenges which you describe with great skill in your presentation.

    As you have consistently argued, there can be no security without media freedom. Since 1975, all OSCE participating States have – as you remind us – accepted individuals’ right to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas without interference. The UK will remain a strong supporter of the mandate for the Representative on Freedom of the Media.

    Securing media freedom requires continued investment and effort in all participating States. I want to take this opportunity to thank you for your work with the UK on our approach to online safety and the safety of journalists.

    As you note in your report, Madam Ribeiro, journalists and other media workers face torture, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention, intimidation, and harassment in many parts of the OSCE region.

    According to UNESCO’s Observatory of Killed Journalists, fourteen journalists have been killed in the line of work since Russia’s full scale, illegal invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

    Russia continues to persecute dissenting voices in Ukrainian territory under its temporary control, as it has been doing in Crimea since 2014. Since 2012 the free media inside Russia has been silenced. The September 2022 Moscow Mechanism report showed a clear correlation between Russia’s internal repression and its external aggression. Sadly, as you note in your report, Russia’s relentless domestic crackdown on media freedom continues today, including through ongoing imprisonment and harassment of journalists and media workers.

    Last year’s Moscow Mechanism report found that freedom of expression in Belarus has been seriously undermined. Legislation can target any independent voice, particularly critics of government or of Russia’s illegal war in Ukraine. Anyone who administers social media networks or communication channels for listed so-called “extremists” can face serious charges, even of terrorism.

    Such actions are not compatible with participating States’ obligations under international law and their OSCE commitments. So the UK once again calls on Russia and Belarus to live up to their OSCE principles and commitments, to enable freedom for the media to report on matters of public interest without undue interference, threats, and intimidation.

    Teresa, thank you again for your commitment to your mandate and your professionalism in the defence of media freedom. And many thanks to your dedicated team. I assure you that the UK will continue to reiterate – in this Council and beyond – the importance of free media for peace and security in the OSCE region. We wish you all the very best for whatever comes next.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Appointment of Canon and Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : Appointment of Canon and Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology [June 2024]

    The press release issued by 10 Downing Street on 13 June 2024.

    The King has approved the nomination of Professor Luke Bretherton, Robert E. Cushman Distinguished Professor of Moral and Political Theology at Duke Divinity School, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, to be appointed as Canon and Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology at Christ Church Oxford, in succession to The Reverend Canon Professor Nigel Biggar C.B.E.

    Background

    After completing his PhD, Professor Bretherton was appointed as Director of Studies at St Augustine’s Theological College before moving back to King’s College London in 2004 where he became Reader in Theology and Politics. In 2012 he was appointed to Duke University as Associate Professor in Theological Ethics, becoming the Robert E Cushman Distinguished Professor of Moral and Political Theology in 2020. Additionally he has been a Visiting Professor at St Mellitus Theological College since 2022.

    Professor Bretherton has a BA (Hons) in History from Cambridge University and a PhD from the University of London in Moral Philosophy and Theology.  Prior to commencing his undergraduate studies he served in the British Army, undertaking a short service limited commission in the 7th Parachute Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery, between 1987 and 1988.

    Professor Bretherton’s primary area of research and writing focuses on the relationship between religion and democracy. Professor Bretherton will be made Deacon in June 2024 by the Bishop of London in a service at St Paul’s Cathedral.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Appointment of Canon and Regius Professor of Divinity [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : Appointment of Canon and Regius Professor of Divinity [June 2024]

    The press release issued by 10 Downing Street on 13 June 2024.

    The King has approved the nomination of The Reverend Canon Professor Andrew Davison, Starbridge Professor of Theology and Natural Sciences in the University of Cambridge and Fellow in Theology and Dean of Chapel at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, to be appointed as Canon and Regius Professor of Divinity at Christ Church, Oxford, in succession to The Reverend Canon Professor Graham Ward.

    Background

    Professor Davison trained for ministry at Westcott House, Cambridge. He served his title at St Dunstan, Bellingham in the Diocese of Southwark and was ordained Priest in 2004. In 2006 he was appointed Tutor and Fellow at St Stephens House and Junior Chaplain at Merton College Oxford. In 2010 he moved to Cambridge as a Tutor at Westcott House and in 2014 became a Lecturer in the University of Cambridge’s Faculty of Divinity and Fellow of Corpus Christi College where he was appointed Dean of Chapel in 2019. In 2023 he was given the title of Professor.

    Professor Davison has an MA in Chemistry and a DPhil in Biochemistry from the University of Oxford and a second undergraduate degree and doctorate, in Divinity, from the University of Cambridge.

     

  • PRESS RELEASE : British High Commission Dhaka celebrates the official birthday of His Majesty King Charles III [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : British High Commission Dhaka celebrates the official birthday of His Majesty King Charles III [June 2024]

    The press release issued by the Foreign Office on 13 June 2024.

    British High Commission Dhaka celebrated the official birthday of His Majesty King Charles III on 12 June 2024 in Dhaka.

    Mohibul Hassan Chowdhoury, MP, Honourable Minister, Ministry of Education, Government of Bangladesh, graced the reception as the guest of honour. A wide range of dignitaries from the Government of Bangladesh; Bangladesh Parliament; the Diplomatic Corps and representatives from the fields of trade, business, academia, social development, arts, culture, media and sports joined the celebration.

    British High Commissioner to Bangladesh, Sarah Cooke, said

    “It is my pleasure to host this reception to celebrate the official birthday of His Majesty King Charles III.

    “It is also an opportunity to celebrate the strength of the UK-Bangladesh partnership, based on our deep shared history; our strong cultural and people-to-people links; and our Commonwealth ties”.

    Notes to editors

    The King’s Birthday Party is celebrated by British High Commissions and Embassies around the world. This year, The King turns 76 on 14 Nov.

    His Majesty The King is Head of the Commonwealth, which is a family of 56 countries working together for prosperity, democracy and peace.

    The British High Commission Dhaka’s King’s Birthday Party 2024 was supported by: HSBC (Platinum Partner); Le Meridien Dhaka (Hospitality Partner); and Unilever and Standard Chartered Bank (Diamond Partners).

  • PRESS RELEASE : Exposing Russia’s subversive activity and electoral interference targeting Moldova – joint statement by the US, Canada, and the UK [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : Exposing Russia’s subversive activity and electoral interference targeting Moldova – joint statement by the US, Canada, and the UK [June 2024]

    The press release issued by the Foreign Office on 13 June 2024.

    The governments of the United States of America, Canada, and the United Kingdom gave a statement on Russian actions in the leadup to the Moldovan presidential election.

    Statement by the governments of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America:

    We, the governments of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, are united in confronting Russia’s aggression and subversion against democratic societies.  We continue to support Ukraine as it defends its freedom and independence from Russia’s illegal and unjustified full-scale invasion.  We also stand firmly against persistent Kremlin attempts to use disinformation, criminal and covert activities, and corruption to undermine sovereignty and democratic processes.

    Free, fair, and independent elections are the cornerstone of any democratic society.  We have consistently witnessed Russia’s attempts to influence, subvert, and undermine democratic elections in order to secure results favorable to the Kremlin.

    This threat is especially relevant in 2024, a year when hundreds of millions of people across Europe and North America go to the polls to select their leaders in European, national, regional, and local elections.

    The Kremlin relies on lies, deceit, corruption and disinformation to undermine sovereignty and democracy.  While democracy thrives on openness and truth-telling, authoritarianism and disinformation depend on secrecy and deception.

    We want to address today the Kremlin’s actions in Moldova.  President Maia Sandu and Moldova’s security institutions have warned that the Kremlin is seeking to undermine Moldovan democratic institutions in the leadup to the October presidential elections and a referendum on Moldova’s EU membership.  We share President Sandu’s strong concerns about the Kremlin’s use of criminal groups to finance political activities and undermine Moldova’s democratic institutions.  We commend Moldova’s leaders for continuing to capably manage these threats, build resilience, and maintain peace and security, while driving forward democratic reforms and reviving the country’s economy.

    That is why today, in defense of our shared democratic values, we are taking this step to warn our democratic partners and Allies that Russian actors are carrying out a plot to influence the outcomes of Moldova’s fall 2024 presidential election.  They intend to incite protests in Moldova should a pro-Russia candidate not win.

    They seek to foment negative public perceptions of Western governments and Moldova’s incumbent leadership, while degrading public confidence in Moldova’s ability to secure itself and maintain rule of law.

    Russia is currently supporting candidates for Moldova’s presidency and is exacerbating societal tensions.  These Russian actors are actively using disinformation and propaganda online, on the air, and on the streets to further their objectives.

    They are agitating criticism of the incumbent Moldovan president’s government and political party, in order to incite protests.

    Part of these operations would include spreading lies about the incumbent president’s character and intentions, and about supposed electoral irregularities.

    If Russia’s election meddling proves unsuccessful in Moldova, there is reason to believe Moscow will work to incite protests.

    Russia’s political interference in Moldova in the lead-up to the October election goes back years.  For example, personnel of state-funded media outlet RT have been involved in providing direct support to fugitive Moldovan Ilan Shor for several years with Russian government assent.  All three of our governments have sanctioned Shor for his destabilizing electoral activities.

    We have full confidence in Moldova’s ability to manage these threats linked to the Kremlin’s interference.  We are taking a range of measures to support those efforts as part of our partnership with Moldova and its people.  We have shared the information outlined above, and additional details, with our Moldovan partners so that they can further investigate, thwart, and disrupt the Kremlin’s plans.  We will continue to work closely with the Moldovan government on this.

    We will also continue to promote accountability for those involved in these Kremlin-sponsored schemes to covertly finance political activities in Moldova.  And we have sanctioned – and will continue to take action against – those individuals and entities attempting to destabilize Moldova’s democratic institutions.

    We will continue to support Moldova and the Moldovan people as they manage Kremlin interference and the impacts of Russia’s brutal war against Ukraine.  We strongly support Moldova’s democratic, economic, security, and anti-corruption reforms.

    By revealing the Kremlin’s plot, we are making it clear to Moscow that we stand for free and fair elections and will not tolerate its attempts to meddle and undermine democratic processes.  We urge the Kremlin to abandon these efforts to subvert Moldova’s democracy and to respect its sovereignty and the outcomes of free, fair, and independent elections.

    We will continue to stand with all of our friends, partners, and Allies in defense of our shared democratic values and freedoms.

  • PRESS RELEASE : You cannot separate North Korea’s human rights violations from the threat it poses to international peace and security – UK statement at the UN Security Council [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : You cannot separate North Korea’s human rights violations from the threat it poses to international peace and security – UK statement at the UN Security Council [June 2024]

    The press release issued by the Foreign Office on 12 June 2024.

    Statement by UK Permanent Representative Ambassador Barbara Woodward at the UN Security Council meeting on North Korea.

    President, I thank the UN High Commissioner and the UN Special Rapporteur for their briefing, and I extend my thanks as well to Mr Kim Gumhyok for your courageous and moving testimony. It is evident that widespread and systematic human rights violations in the DPRK continue.

    On the 10th anniversary of the UN Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the DPRK, perpetrators remain largely unaccountable, and the North Korean people continue to suffer as we’ve heard so vividly from our briefers today.

    As we’ve also heard, you cannot separate DPRK’s human rights violations from the threat DPRK poses to international peace and security. The DPRK authorities continue to divert resources away from their people, to fund their illegal weapons programme.  These illegal weapons are financed through forced labour, as we’ve heard, from the pay of workers sent overseas, often into modern slavery. I urge the DPRK to end these practices without delay. It is incumbent on all UN Member States to implement resolution 2397 in full, a resolution that was unanimously agreed by this Council, and includes obligations to end the exploitation of overseas workers.

    We are witnessing forced repatriations, state-sponsored abductions, and enforced disappearances. The United Kingdom also recognises the suffering of other nationals who have been abducted by the DPRK and we call for their return.

    I also echo the call of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and urge all member states to respect the principles of non-refoulement and to not forcibly return those who have escaped the DPRK and then face threats to their safety and human rights.

    The 2014 UN Commission of Inquiry Report concluded wide-ranging human rights violations taking place in the country may amount to “crimes against humanity.” Ten years on, the DPRK regime continues to refuse to cooperate with the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights or with the UN Special Rapporteur.

    Colleagues, we urge the DPRK Government to prioritise the rights of its citizens over the illegal development of its weapons programmes and encourage them to ease border restrictions on the international community.

    The UK urges the DPRK to use their upcoming Universal Periodic Review to engage with the international community on human rights and implement lasting change and improvements for the people of North Korea.

  • PRESS RELEASE : Appointment of Lord Justices of Appeal [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : Appointment of Lord Justices of Appeal [June 2024]

    The press release issued by 10 Downing Street on 12 June 2024.

    His Majesty The King has approved the appointment of four Lord Justices of Appeal.

    His Majesty The King has been pleased to approve the appointments of Mr Justice Jeremy Baker, Mr Justice Cobb, Mr Justice Holgate and Mr Justice Zacaroli as Lord Justices of Appeal.

    These appointments will fill vacancies within the Court of Appeal.

    Biography

    Mr Justice Jeremy Baker: Was Called to the Bar (Middle Temple) in 1979 and took Silk in 1999. He was appointed as a Recorder in 1996, as a Circuit Judge in 2010 and as a High Court Judge appointed to the King’s Bench Division in 2013.

    Mr Justice Stephen Cobb: Was Called to the Bar (Inner Temple) in 1985 and took Silk in 2003. He was appointed as a Recorder in 2004, authorised to hear cases under section 9(1) of the Senior Courts Act 1981 in 2009. He was appointed as a High Court Judge in 2013 and assigned to the Family Division.

    Mr Justice David Holgate: Was Called to the Bar (Middle Temple) in 1978 and took Silk in 1997. He was called to the Bar in Hong Kong from 2001 to appear in several cases. He became a Bencher of the Middle Temple in 2004. Between 2012 and 2014 he was joint head of Landmark Chambers. He served as a Recorder (in Crime and Civil) from 2002 and was authorised to hear cases under section 9(1) of the Senior Courts Act 1981 in 2008. He was appointed as a High Court Judge to the Kings Bench Division in 2014 and was also authorised to sit in the Chancery division in 2022. He served as President of the Lands Chamber (Upper Tribunal) between 2016 and 2019. Since 2017 he has been the Planning Liaison Judge (the lead judge of the Planning Court).

    Mr Justice Antony Zacaroli: Was Called to the Bar (Middle Temple) in 1987 and took Silk in 2006. He was appointed as a High Court Judge to the Chancery Division in 2017. He was President of the Upper Tribunal, Tax and Chancery chamber between 2018 to 2021. He has been Supervising Judge for the Business and Property Courts, Midlands, West and Wales Circuits, since 2021 and Chair of the Insolvency Rules Committee, since 2018.

  • PRESS RELEASE : UK shows enduring commitment to Ukraine at G7 summit [June 2024]

    PRESS RELEASE : UK shows enduring commitment to Ukraine at G7 summit [June 2024]

    The press release issued by the Foreign Office on 12 June 2024.

    The Prime Minister will be clear that the UK will lead from the front on supporting international peace and security as he attends the G7 Leaders Summit in Italy against a backdrop of heightened volatility.

    • Support for Ukraine and securing peace in the Middle East priorities at G7 Leaders Summit.
    • UK provides package of up to £242m funding for immediate humanitarian, energy and stabilisation needs in Ukraine.
    • Leaders seek to leverage billions from immobilised Russian assets to support Ukraine.

    The Prime Minister will be clear that the UK will lead from the front on supporting international peace and security as he attends the G7 Leaders Summit in Italy against a backdrop of heightened volatility.

    At the Summit, the Prime Minister will announce up to £242 million in bilateral assistance to Ukraine, to support immediate humanitarian, energy and stabilisation needs, and lay the foundations for longer term economic and social recovery and reconstruction.

    This funding demonstrates the UK’s continued international solidarity with Ukraine, and our flexibility in responding to immediate needs created by Russian aggression. Critical energy infrastructure, for example, has suffered from an intense Russian missile and bombing campaign over the past few months.

    A priority for the PM at the Summit will be to work with partners to agree a way to use immobilised Russian assets to support Ukraine. Last month, the Chancellor attended the G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting, where the G7 discussed potential avenues to bring forward the extraordinary profits stemming from these assets, to the benefit of Ukraine.

    The UK and G7 leaders have been clear that Russian must pay for the damage it is causing Ukraine. We will explore all lawful avenues by which immobilised Russian assets can be used to support Ukraine. The value of the assets held in G7 jurisdictions is $285 billion.

    The UK was the first country to introduce legislation explicitly enabling us to keep sanctions in place until Russia pays for damage it has caused. We also introduced new powers to compel sanctioned individuals and entities to disclose assets they hold in the UK.

    Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said:

    We must be decisive and creative in our efforts to support Ukraine and end Putin’s illegal war at this critical moment. The UK remains at the forefront of the international response as we have been from the outset. We must move from ‘as long as it takes’ to ‘whatever it takes’ if we are to end this illegal war.

    From Ukraine to the Middle East, we will be discussing significant global threats at the Summit. Such threats are why it is so vital to strengthen the UK’s national defence, through our commitment to spend 2.5% of GDP on defence by 2030.

    The UK has now committed almost £12.7 billion in military, humanitarian and economic support to Ukraine and has often been the first mover on vital lethal aid, from Storm Shadow cruise missiles to a squadron of Challenger 2 tanks.

    The Prime Minister recently announced that the UK will send our largest-ever package of military equipment from the UK, designed to help push back the Russian invasion on land, sea and air.

    While at the summit, he will attend sessions on Ukraine; Illegal Migration; Economic Security and China; The Middle East; and a credible G7 and UK offer to ‘the global majority’.

    The Prime Minister will work to encourage G7 unity in response to the situation on the ground in Gaza, focused on the long-term goal of a stable and prosperous Middle East.

    He will press other leaders to recognise migration challenges ‘across the route’ and to take collective action.

    He will also seek to strengthen our economic security in relation to China and work collaboratively with partners to identify ways to ensure we leverage the revolution in green technologies for the benefit of the British people and our industries.